Due to scarcity of fossil fuel and increasing demand of power supply, we are forced to utilize the renewable energy resources. Considering easy availability and vast potential, world has turned to solar photovoltaic energy to meet out its ever increasing energy demand. The mathematical modelling and simulation of the photovoltaic system is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and the ...

Photovoltaic method is very popular for generating electrical power. Its energy production depends on solar radiation on that location and orientation. Shadow rapidly decreases performance of the Photovoltaic system. In this research, it is being investigated that how exactly real-time shadow can be detected. In principle, 3D city models containing roof structure, vegetation, thematically diffe...

In this paper, a robust Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for PV array has been proposed using sliding mode control by defining a new formulation for sliding surface which is based on increment conductance (INC) method. The stability and robustness of the proposed controller are investigated to load variations and environment changes. Three different types of DC-DC converter are used in Maxim...

To convert solar energy more viable, the efficiency of solar array systems should be maximized. An easier approach to maximizing the efficiency of solar array systems is Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). MPPT is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the output power of photovoltaic array, irrespective of the irradiation and temperature conditions. Many conventional MPPT fails to atta...

Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) based power generation technology is being pushed to the forefront as a viable alternative source of renewable energy, particularly in small-scale domestic applications. Due to the variable nature of solar energy, PV usually works well with battery storage to provide continuous and stable energy. However, by incorporating storage with such systems there is a nee...

Due to the non-linear characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) array, PV systems typically are equipped with the capability of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) feature. Moreover, in the case of PV array under partially shaded conditions, hotspot problem will occur which could damage the PV cells. Partial shading causes multiple peaks in the P-V characteristic curves. This paper presents a hybrid...

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output power, irrespective of the temperature and irradiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics. A new MPPT system has been developed, consisting of a Buck-type dc/dc converter, which is controlled by a microcontroller-based unit. The main difference between the method...

The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. Renewable energy is currently widely used. One of these resources is solar energy. The photovoltaic (PV) array normally uses a maximum power poin...

To date, virtually all photovoltaic (PV) systems employ series-connected PV cells to some degree. A typical 4kW residential solar array, for example, might comprise a dozen series-connected 200-W modules, or roughly 864 cells connected in series. The virtues of this arrangement are (1) that the system’s conductive losses are well managed because the array output current is no higher than that o...