In 2 experiments, separate groups of rats were given stimulus conditioning, temporal conditioning, untreated control and (in Experiment 2) learned irrelevance control procedures, followed by a compound with both stimulus and temporal cues. Stimulus conditioning consisted of a random 15-s duration conditioned stimulus (CS) followed by food; temporal conditioning consisted of food-food intervals ...

The reinforcing effects of various stimuli presented immediately following a response have been investigated largely with infra-human Ss. In the context of experiments using the operant conditioning paradigm, the accepted definition of the reinforcing stimulus is a stimulus introduced following a response that increases the probability of occurrence of that response. Despite this research utili...

Objective: The present study aims at investigating the effects of behavioral therapy techniques through operant conditioning and observational learning on children’s aggression aged 4-6 years.  Methods: To this end, a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study with two experimental groups and a control group was designed. We used non-probability purposive sampling method to select 45...

aims: nowadays nosocomial infection control is one of the important management issues in neonatal intensive care unit that in this context, the nicu’s physical structure can improve infection control processes or interfere it. the aim of the present study is assessing physical environment of neonatal intensive care unit from the perspective of nosocomial infection control indicators. methods: t...

Human faces can convey socially relevant information in various ways. Since the early detection of such is crucial social contexts, meaningful might also have privileged access to awareness. This indeed suggested by previous research using with emotional expressions. However, relevance confounded their physical stimulus characteristics. Here, we sought overcome this problem manipulating face st...

little is known about the interaction of tissue conditioners and modeling plastics. this study evaluates the influence of a variety of commercial tissue conditioners on alteration of viscoelastic properties of modeling plastics.in this in vitro study, the dynamic viscoelastic properties of four commercially available tissue conditioners (tc), visco-gel (vg), gc soft-liner (sl), fitt (ft), and c...

We studied the conditioning effects of chronic infusion of dobutamine and exercise training in three groups of chronically instrumented dogs. One group was infused with normal saline, a second group was infused with dobutamine (40 mug/kg per min), and the third group was exercised on a treadmill at 4 mph, up a 10 degrees incline. Each group was either infused or exercised for 2 h a day, 5 d a w...

air conditioning refrigerant r134a has value of global warming potential (gwp) 1300, which is much higher than mac directive (gwp below 150) passed in july 2006. this prompted a search for alternative refrigerant with gwp value less than 150. r1234yf is a new refrigerant which has lower gwp value of 4. effect of blower speed has been compared and flammability issue of r1234yf has been addressed...