Preface to the special issue "Characterisation of Physical Processes from Anomalous Diffusion Data" associated with Challenge ( https://andi-challenge.org ) and published in Journal Physics A: Mathematical Theoretical. The list articles included can be accessed at https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1751-8121/page/Characterisation-of-Physical-Processes-from-Anomalous-Diffusion-Data .