practice when antiseptics as a system were adopted by obstetricians. It formed an integral part of the antiseptic management of labour and the puerperium. The objects aimed at in the antiseptic system are:?The prevention of the introduction of germs, i.e., antisepsis before confinement, and paralysing their action, i.e., antisepsis after confinement. Although at the first the methods were compl...

In Nepal, maternal mortality has decreased from 539/100000 live births in 1998 to 229 in 2008/2009.4 Exploration of severe maternal morbidity is required to identify deficiency and strengths of obstetrical services. The obstetrics morbidity results from obstetric complications of pregnancy, labour and puerperium. The recognition of signs, symptoms and severity of illness, antenatal and postnata...

Automated extraction of DNA for testing of laboratory samples is an attractive alternative to labour-intensive manual methods when higher throughput is required. However, it is important to maintain the maximum detection sensitivity possible to reduce the occurrence of type II errors (false negatives; failure to detect the target when it is present), especially in the biomedical field, where PC...

Each year over 75,000 pregnant women in the United States undergo nonobstetric surgery. The operations include those directly related to pregnancy, such as cerclage, those indirectly related to pregnancy, such as ovarian cystectomy, and those unrelated to gestation, such as appendectomy. When a pregnant woman presents for surgery, it is a stressful event for everyone involved. Issues about the ...

Accumulating evidence supports the concept of increased thrombin generation, placental vascular lesions, and inflammation as crucial points in the development of the great obstetrical syndromes [preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm labor (PTL), preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), fetal demise and recurrent abortions]. In light of this, the role of heparins for...

Of 119 neonates dying after 48 hours of life, 19 (16%) showed disseminated fibrin thromboembolism, a histological condition that is very similar to one form of maternal hypofibrinogenaemia. The incidence is nearly five times that among stillbirths and neonates dying within 48 hours of birth. Most of the mothers had a normal pregnancy, labour, and puerperium. One twin may show the condition whil...

Background: Labour pain is the result of a complex and subjective interaction of multiple physiologic and psychosocial factors on a woman's individual interpretation of labour stimuli. Accurate measurement and appropriate management of pain is a significant problem for attendant medical and nursing personnel. There are choices to be made during pregnancy about options available for pain relief ...