BACKGROUND Picophytoplankton (i.e. cyanobacteria and pico-eukaryotes) are abundant and ecologically critical components of the autotrophic communities in the pelagic realm. These micro-organisms colonized a variety of extreme environments including high salinity waters. However, the distribution of these organisms along strong salinity gradient has barely been investigated. The abundance and co...

We are entering in to a VLSI design era where few Pico seconds of memory access or cycle times will make a big impact on SOC designs performance. So, improving each Pico second of SRAM memory performance will lead to many design wins at the present competitive market. In SRAM memory design it’s important to see that sufficient voltage differential is created by the time sense amplifier is turne...

Lepidozia stuhlmannii, L. pearsonii, Atrichum tenellum, Bryum lanatum, Campylopus subulatus, Ceratodon stenocarpus, Polytrichum commune var. humile and Thuidium delicatulum are reported as new to the Azores. The record of Sphagnum pylaisii from Terceira is referred to a monoclade expression of S. denticulatum. The presence of the North American Leucobryum albidum on the Azores is confirmed and ...

S e e in g t h e B ig P ic t u r e (w it h a S m a ll D e v ic e)

This paper presents characterization methods for an SDRAM in a manufacturing environment. Contact tests, dc tests, basic functional tests, signal margin tests and retention characterization are shown. Measurement of the cell signal is used as an example for pico probing. Special test modes for SDRAMs which can be used to aid characterization and failure analysis (FA) are discussed.

The Large Aperture GRB Observatory (LAGO) is aiming at the detection of the high energy (around 100 GeV) component of Gamma Ray Bursts, using the single particle technique in arrays of Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCD) in high mountain sites (Chacaltaya, Bolivia, 5300 m a.s.l., Pico Espejo, Venezuela, 4750 m a.s.l., Sierra Negra, Mexico, 4650 m a.s.l). WCD at high altitude offer a unique possibil...

This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of a Bluetooth wireless technology based classroom tool. The classroom tool is to help lecturers automate their assignment tests. First, a testing prototype of the tool is presented; the testing prototype uses one master device and two slave devices on Pico-net. As it will be expensive to build prototype for a large class, simulation study is don...

Optical approaches for observing the dynamics of single molecules have required pico- to nanomolar concentrations of fluorophore in order to isolate individual molecules. However, many biologically relevant processes occur at micromolar ligand concentrations, necessitating a reduction in the conventional observation volume by three orders of magnitude. We show that arrays of zero-mode waveguide...

Most of the largest volcanoes in México are located at the frontal part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and in other isolated areas. This chapter considers some of these volcanoes: Colima, Nevado de Toluca, Popocatépetl, Pico de Orizaba (Citlaltépetl), and Tacaná. El Chichón volcano is also considered within this group because of its catastrophic eruption in 1982. The volcanic edifi ce of th...