OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of occupation on the rising incidence of lung and bladder cancer among men in a Norwegian municipality where an iron and steel plant constituted the key industry between 1955 and 1989. METHODS Based on the lung cancer cases reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway from 1980 to 1992 a population based case-control study was performed, including 86 cases...

The oxygen steelmaking process rapidly refines a charge of molten pig iron and ambient scrap into steel of a desired carbon and temperature using high purity oxygen. Steel is made in discrete batches called heats. The furnace or converter is a barrel shaped, open topped, refractory lined vessel that can rotate on a horizontal trunnion axis. The basic operational steps of the process (BOF) are s...

At the present time the production of steel in LD converters belongs to the most widely used technology in manufactu-ring pig iron. The steelmaking process belongs to very complicated metallurgical processes. Because of high pro-duction costs, which are closely tied to the interruption of the melting process with an early check, the tendency is to minimize these costs. It would be an advantage ...