The gasification of pine and mixed-hardwood chips has been carried out in a pilot-scale system at a range of gas flow rates. Consuming w17e30 kgh 1 of feedstock, the producer gas was composed of w200 dm m 3 carbon monoxide, 12 dm m 3 carbon dioxide, 30 dm m 3 methane and 190 dm m 3 hydrogen, with an energy content of w6 MJ m 3 for both feedstocks. It was found that the efficiency of the system ...

BACKGROUND Microalgae are a potential source of sustainable commodities of fuels, chemicals and food and feed additives. The current high production costs, as a result of the low areal productivities, limit the application of microalgae in industry. A first step is determining how the different production system designs relate to each other under identical climate conditions. The productivity a...

This paper addresses the development of pilot scale sustainable technology for microalgae capture of CO2 from power plant flue gas in alkaline solutions to produce biodiesel from algal oil. A combination of computer tools for process simulation, economic evaluation, and environmental impact allow sustainable process assessment. Laboratory scale experiments for growth and culture for algae in la...

Large-scale Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) can promise high spectrum efficiency and low multi-user interference. But the pilot contamination of the uplink channel estimation is the obstacle to acquire the great performance gains. A novel iterative joint channel estimation and detection algorithm is proposed. First, the initial channel information is estimated with the uplink pilots. Then...

Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants produce large amounts of sludge. This excess sludge is an inevitable drawback inherent to the waste activated sludge process. Both the reduction of the amount of sludge produced and improving its dewaterability are of paramount importance. Novel pre-treatment processes have been developed in order to improve sludge dewatering, handling and di...

rinking water utilities face the challenge of addressing emerging water quality concerns to ensure adequate protection of public health, sometimes without final federal or state drinking water regulations. Total chromium, i.e., trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] plus hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], has been regulated by national drinking water regulations since 1975. The federal regulatory maximum cont...

We aim to develop a new method that can optimize operating conditions of commercial-scale equipment to achieve scale-up from pilot-scale equipment even when only a small number of experiments can be performed with commercial-scale equipment. The proposed method, combined task Bayesian optimization (CTBO), uses not only data of a target task, e.g., a commercial-scale plant, but also data of a so...

A recurrent problem in information-systems development (ISD) is that many design shortcomings are not detected during development, but first after the system has been delivered and implemented in its intended environment. Pilot implementations appear to promise a way to extend prototyping from the laboratory to the field, thereby allowing users to experience a system design under realistic cond...

This paper presents the design of a solar tracking system driven by a mnicrochip PIC 18F452 micro controller. The system is based on two mechanisms. The first one is the search mechanism (PILOT) which locates the position of the sun. The second mechanism(intelligent PANELS) aligns itself with the PILOT only if maximum energy possible could be extracted. On top of that the main advantage of the ...

Pilot projects appear in many forms in policy making and management. In an effort to understand the nature and use of pilot projects and improve their effectiveness, we undertake a practicebased and theoretical study of the pilot project phenomenon. First, we examine the roles assigned to pilot projects in the policy development literature and explore their use in a Dutch water innovation platf...