I N D I A N J O U R N A L O F P A T H O L O G Y A N D M I C R O B I O L O G Y 5 8 ( 3 ) , J U L Y S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 5 413 systemic lymphoma is not specifically excluded in that case. The majority of pineal gland tumors present at least by the third decade of life. Thus, other diagnosis should be entertained in pineal tumors occurring in older adults. Metastasis to pineal gland has been re...

Histamine (HA) is a potent stimulator of cAMP synthesis in various structures of chick brain, including the pineal gland. The action of HA is mediated by specific, membrane bound H(2)-like receptors, whose pharmacological profile is different from that described for H(2) receptors in mammalian tissues. In this work, we analyzed the effects of cholera toxin (CTX) and pertussis toxin (PTX), well-...

The parietal eye of the lizard responds to illumination by sending afferent impulses to the pineal gland during daylight, the photophase. The pineal gland has efferently conducting neurons which are especially sensitive to norepinephrine and whose feedback to the parietal eye enhances its photo responsiveness. During the scotophase, at night, the eye generates afferent impulses to the cessation...

Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-, neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and substance P (SP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers and SP-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies in the pineal gland of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus). Abundant TH- and NPY-immunoreactive fibers were distributed evenly throughout the gland; less numerous CGRP- ...

The pineal gland is a midline organ located posterior to the third ventricle in the quadrigeminal cistern. It is surrounded by the splenium of the corpus callosum above, the thalami laterally, and the quadrigeminal plate and vermis below, together delineating the pineal region [1]. Histologically, the human pineal gland parenchyma is mainly composed of pineocytes with a few supportive astrocyte...

The immunohistochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to study the cell proliferation in the developing rat pineal gland, from the appearance of pineal primordium in the embryonic day 15 (E15) until 30 days after birth. The results showed three different proliferative phases. From E15 to E21, the pineal gland shows a phase of rapid proliferation. The second phase corresponds to...

We used the NADPH-diaphorase histochemical method as a potential marker for nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland of the sheep. Nerve fibers containing NADPH-diaphorase activity provide dense innervation of the sheep pineal gland. The nerve fibers were located in the pineal capsule, in the connective tissue septae separating the lobull of the gland, an...

To cite: Yang Y, Levy ML, Crawford JR. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2015214170 DESCRIPTION A 4-year-old girl presented with a 4-month history of progressive exotropia. There was no headache, no impaired upgaze, no nystagmus and no vision changes. Complete neurological examination was otherwise normal. MRI of the brain revealed a 1.5 cm cystic le...

The development of human pineal astrocytes was studied in a prospective autopsy series of 115 cases with an age range of 24 weeks of gestation to 91 years. Pineal glands selected from cases with postmortem intervals of one to 24 hours were fixed in Bouin's fluid and immunostained using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique and an antiserum against human glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein. ...

Reports of tumor metastasis to the pineal gland are exceptionally rare, perhaps because of little systematic post-mortem study. Primary tumors are apparently much more frequent and have been carefully studied (1). The first instance of metastasis is that reported by Forster (2) of Gottingen in 1858. The patient was a thirty-seven-year-old male with cancer of the lung (possibly esophagus) and wi...