Transmission loss measurements are reported for long steel pipes of circular crosssection, with air inside and out, excited by internal sound. At low frequencies (wavelength greater than the pipe diameter), most of the radiated sound is accounted for by pipe bending waves. In order to approach the much higher transmission loss predicted for pure breathing motion of the pipe, bending waves must ...

This paper concerns the mathematical modelling of flow and solute transport through stormwater ponds. The model is based on appropriate lumped system conservation equations that are solved using standard numerical techniques. The model was used to route a first flush pollution scenario through a cylindrical pond for 16 combinations of elevation and diameter of a submerged pipe outlet, in conjun...

Direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional (3D) viscous flow in a wavy pipe is performed using the lattice Boltzmann approach, to study 3D flow features in a curved pipe with nonuniform curvature. We first validate the lattice Boltzmann approach by simulating a transient flow in a straight pipe. In a wavy pipe, it is shown that the pressure gradient necessary to drive the flow depends mor...

BACKGROUND Water pipe is a traditional method of tobacco use, which is epidemically spreading throughout Europe. There are scarce data about the use of water pipe and its relation to other addictive behaviors among young adults in Western countries. OBJECTIVES It was our aim to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of water pipe users in Switzerland and to describe concurrent cigarett...

when very large floating structure) vlfs (is heavily loaded in the central portion, the difference deflection between its central section and its corners would increase. one cost effective solution for reducing the differential deflection is gill cell. gill cells are compartments in the vlfs that the buoyancy forces are eliminated at their locations. in this study, for examine the gill cells be...

Energy harvesting mechanisms can be used to extract energy from ambient surroundings power small electronic devices, which has a significant advantage in realizing self-sustaining wireless devices. The proposed design of this study uses the internal fluid flow within pipe and takes fluid–structure interaction through flow-induced vibration bluff body. hybrid harvester convert electrical piezoel...

As resource extraction moves deeper underground, backfill mining has received a lot of attention from the industry as very promising method that can provide safe workplace for workers. However, and efficient transport fill slurry through pipelines still needs more exploration, especially in bend section. In order to investigate flow characteristics velocity evolution section pipe, three-dimensi...

conclusions there is clinical utility in knowing the relative deflection of various needle tips. when a procedure requires a needle to be steered around obstacles, or along non-collinear targets, the predictable and large amount of deflection obtained through use of a beveled spinal needle may prove beneficial. materials and methods six needles commonly used in spinal procedures (quincke, short...

Unlike well-investigated polymer-based soft actuators such as gel, Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite, conducting polymer, a CFRP-based polymeric laminate possesses quite distinguished properties. It was previously reported that a CFRP-PVC laminate exhibited two-way deflection in accordance with environmental temperature, but it could not exhibit symmetric deflection because of its asymmetric struct...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess and compare the characteristics of commonly used initial archwires by their load deflection graphs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study tested three wire designs namely copper nickel titanium (CNT), nickel titanium (NiTi), and multi-strand NiTi (MSNT) archwires engaged in passive self-ligating (PSL) brackets, active self-ligating (ASL) brackets or c...