OBJECTIVE A 3-bowl system is used for washing-up eating utensils on many expeditions when running water is not available. The utensils are washed in the first bowl until they are visibly clean, rinsed in the second bowl, and disinfected in the third bowl. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this system in reducing bacterial loads on contaminated utensils and to compare i...

We consider a massless scalar field obeying Dirichlet boundary conditions on the walls of a two-dimensional L×b rectangular box, divided by a movable partition (piston) into two boxes of dimensions a × b and (L − a) × b. We compute the Casimir force on the piston in the limit L → ∞. Regardless the value of a/b, the piston is attracted to the nearest end of the box. Asymptotic expressions for th...

The timing of the valves of a hydraulic motor plays an important role in determining the throttling energy. To reduce this dominating energy loss, the timing of the valves must allow the fluid in the chamber to be precompressed and decompressed such that there is minimal pressure differential across the transitioning valve. The optimal valve timing to achieve precompression and decompression is...

We propose a physical mechanism of conformation-induced proton pumping in mitochondrial Complex I. The structural conformations this protein are modeled as the motion piston having positive charges on both sides. A negatively charged electron attracts piston, moving other end away from site, thereby reducing its energy and allowing to populate site. When escapes, elastic forces assist return in...

High-pressure fluctuation and flow ripple may cause unexpected vibration noise when the piston pump works under severe conditions, eventually lead to hydraulic transmission failure. The geometry of valve plate has a great influence on pressure chamber. In order optimize structure plate, mathematical model considering slot leakage lubricating interfaces was established in this paper. used invest...

A one-dimensional Casimir piston for massless scalar fields obeying Dirichlet boundary conditions in high-dimensional spacetimes within the frame of Kaluza-Klein theory is analyzed. We derive and calculate the exact expression for the Casimir force on the piston. We also compute the Casimir force in the limit that one outer plate is moved to the extremely distant place to show that the reduced ...

Based on the principle of hydrostatic bearing, in this study, several novel kinds of pistons were designed out, and the mathematic model of hydrostatic bearing on piston was established and analyzed. It was also found that, the diameter of damping hole and the width of pressure recess had impact on the radial load capacity of piston, the overall efficiency of axial piston motor, and the frictio...

Primary pressure standards in the atmospheric pressure range are often established using mercury manometers. Less frequently, controlled-clearance dead-weight testers in which one component (normally the piston) has been dimensionally measured have also been used. Recent advances in technology on two fronts i) the fabrication of large-diameter pistons and cylinders with good geometry; and ii) t...