U937 human promonocytic leukemia cells express PKC isozymes beta 1, beta 2, epsilon and zeta. Indirect immunocytofluorescence using affinity-purified PKC-specific antibodies indicates that each of the endogenous PKC isozymes in U937 cells display a unique compartmentalization within the intact cell. PKC-beta 1 is distributed between two identifiable pools: a cytoplasmic pool which redistributes...

BACKGROUND Wnt signaling controls the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation and body patterning throughout development. Previous data demonstrated that non-canonical Wnts (Wnt5a, Wnt11) increased cardiac gene expression of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and bone marrow-derived stem cells cultured in vitro. Since previous studies suggested a contribution of ...

In the nervous system of the marine mollusk Aplysia there are two protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, the Ca2+-activated PKC Apl I and the Ca2+-independent PKC Apl II. PKC Apl I, but not PKC Apl II is activated by a short-term application of the neurotransmitter serotonin. This may be explained by the fact that purified PKC Apl II requires a higher mole percentage of phosphatidylserine to stimulat...

Diabetes induces the activation of several protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in the renal glomeruli. We used PKC-beta(-/-) mice to examine the action of PKC-beta isoforms in diabetes-induced oxidative stress and renal injury at 8 and 24 weeks of disease. Diabetes increased PKC activity in renal cortex of wild-type mice and was significantly reduced (<50% of wild-type) in diabetic PKC-beta(-/-) mi...

14-3-3 Proteins may function as adapters or scaffold in signal-transduction pathways. We found previously that protein kinase C-zeta (PKC-zeta) can phosphorylate and activate Raf-1 in a signalling complex [van Dijk, Hilkmann and van Blitterswijk (1997) Biochem. J. 325, 303-307]. We report now that PKC-zeta-Raf-1 interaction is mediated by 14-3-3 proteins in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipita...

To investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-dependent growth of human melanocytes, we analyzed the effects of phorbol ester treatment on both PKC expression and growth control in these cells. We found that established cultures of normal melanocytes contain the PKC alpha, PKC beta, and PKC epsilon isoforms. The abilities of various phorbol ...

The distribution of protein kinase C (PKC) subspecies and their colocalization with neurotransmitters were examined in the rat striatum and substantia nigra (SN), using immunocytochemistry. The alpha- and beta I-PKC immunoreactivies were seen predominantly in the perikarya of the neurons in the striatum and SN. In contrast, the beta II- and gamma-PKC immunoreactivities were abundant in both the...

BACKGROUND Increased expression of Ca2+-sensitive protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms may be important markers of heart failure. Our aim was to determine the relative expression of PKC-beta1, -beta2, and -alpha in failed and nonfailed myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Explanted hearts of patients in whom dilated cardiomyopathy or ischemic cardiomyopathy was diagnosed were examined for PKC isoform c...

BACKGROUND Although in vitro breast cancer models have demonstrated a role for protein kinase C (PKC) alpha and delta isoforms in endocrine insensitivity and resistance respectively, there is currently little clinical evidence to support these observations. AIMS To define the pattern of PKC alpha and delta expression using breast cancer cell lines, with and without endocrine resistance, and a...