Genetic nonresponder guinea pigs incapable of an immune response to DNP-PLL alone were immunized with DNP-PLL complexed to ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin. Under these circumstances the animals produce both anti-DNP-PLL antibodies and antibodies directed against the conveyor albumin. Thus immune response to DNP-PLL complexed to conveyor albumin molecules can serve as a simple model of hapten-...

In this paper, we propose a speedup method of frequency switching time in the phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer using the target frequency detector (TFD). The TFD detects the time Ta for any channels where the output of the PLL frequency synthesizer reaches the target frequency for the first time. At Ta, the programmable divider, the reference divider and the phase comparator are re...

In this paper, we present a 2.2-GHz low jitter PLL based on sub-sampling. It uses a phasedetector/charge-pump (PD/CP) that sub-samples the VCO output with the reference clock. In contrast to what happens in a classical PLL, the PD/CP noise is not multiplied by N in this sub-sampling PLL. Moreover, no frequency divider is needed in the locked state and hence divider noise and power can be elimin...

A study of the passive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to DNP-poly-L-lysine and to DNP-GL was performed in Hartley guinea pigs. Delayed hypersensitivity to DNP-PLL and DNP-GL could be transferred successfully only by means of sensitized cells from genetic responder guinea pigs and in most cases, only into those guinea pigs genetically capable of responding to PLL. The inability to transfer...

This paper describes the noise reduction for fully integrated CMOS PLL. Since the Switching of large digital system introduces power supply or substrate noise which perturb the more sensitive blocks in a PLL. Which work as dominant jitter for VCO. This paper describes designs for both a PLL and a clock buffer that reduce sensitivity to supply noise for low-power applications. The supply noise r...

Coherent M-PSK reception in M-PSK receivers is achieved through use of two main PLLs (Phase Lock Loops): the carrier synchronization PLL (carrier PLL for short) and the symbol timing synchronization PLL (symbol PLL for short). An SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) estimation module is also typically present in the receiver. In this paper we shall present an overview of contemporary coherent M-PSK rece...

Synchronization is the key part to ensure high performance of grid-connected systems. Phase-locked loop (PLL) one most popular synchronizations due its simple implementation and robustness under certain grid variations. Particularly, in single-phase applications, PLL based on second-order generalized integrator (SOGI-PLL) widely used because structure, filtering ability frequency adaptability. ...

In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode observer (ASMO) associated with a phase locked loop (PLL) is assessed for the sensor-less control of rotor-tied doubly-fed induction generator (RDFIG). proposed PLL-ASMO estimator, ASMO utilizes stator current, voltage, and back electromotive force (EMF) as state variables. The used in order to estimate back-EMF from which slip position/speed extracted us...

BACKGROUND The posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) has been found to be a reliable measure of the acoustic target window for lumbar spinal anaesthesia and a predictive tool for difficult spinals. Currently, there is limited information on the PLL in the thoracic spine and its potential use for optimizing the acoustic target window during thoracic epidural placement. This study examined the ef...

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) are crucial mediators of the IL-1R/TLR signaling pathways that regulate the immune and inflammation response in mammals. Recent studies also suggest a critical role of IRAKs in tumor development, though the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Pelle is the sole Drosophila IRAK homolog implicated in the conserved Toll pathway that regulates Dors...