Genetic resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) is the most viable alternative for long-term control of sharka disease. In addition to the classical approaches to producing resistant germplasm and cultivars, genetic transformation offers a promising genetic approach to resistance. We show, using the example of C5 plum, that genetically engineered resistance can provide durable, stable and high level...

Plum pox or sharka, a viral disease caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), severely affects the production of Prunus species in Europe. The first evidence of sharka was reported in Iran in 2000 . Due to the economic impact of this disease on crop production, recent advances in the term of  biology, epidemiology, and disease management are provided in this paper to assure awareness among growers and pr...

Members the Potyviridae family belong to a group of plant viruses that are causing devastating plant diseases with a significant impact on agronomy and economics. Plum pox virus (PPV), as a causative agent of sharka disease, is widely discussed. The understanding of the molecular biology of potyviruses including PPV and the function of individual proteins as products of genome expression are qu...

Axon pruning during development is essential for proper wiring of the mature nervous system, but its regulation remains poorly understood. We have identified an immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) transmembrane protein, Plum, that is cell autonomously required for axon pruning of mushroom body (MB) γ neurons and for ectopic synapse refinement at the developing neuromuscular junction in Drosophila...

The use of pasteurization units (PU) as a measure of the lethal effect of processes was proposed with the aim of comparing conventional and novel thermal technologies. Kiwifruit puree was subjected to microwave (1000 and 900 W) and conventional (97 C) heating. Processing conditions of the treatments were chosen to simulate a pasteurization treatment. The temperature profiles of the samples duri...

The survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella was studied in apple, orange, pineapple, and white grape juice concentrates and banana puree. Pouches of juice concentrate or puree were inoculated with pathogens at a level > or = 10(3) CFU/g and stored at -23 degrees C (-10 degrees F). Pathogen survival was monitored at 6 and 24 h, once a week for four consecutiv...

The objectives of the research were to find out: 1) response dairy cow farmers cow's milk yogurt production with addition sweet potato puree; 2) factors (age, education level, experience breeding and intensity extension) that affect farmers; 3) effectiveness extension behavior shift farmers. This used one group pretest-posttest design sampling technique was saturated sample (census) so 30 respo...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact ultrasound (US) at different frequencies (20, 370, and 583 kHz) power levels (35 48 W) on residual activity (RA) peroxidase (POD) polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in strawberry puree. Total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic (TPC), ferric ion reducing antioxidant (FRAP) trolox equivalent capacity (TEAC) were also assessed. Results compared with un...

We report the draft genome sequence of Bacillus cytotoxicus CVUAS 2833, isolated from potato puree in Germany (2007), which is-despite its clearly different source-very similar to the type strain B. cytotoxicus NVH 391-98 isolated in France (average nucleotide identity, 99.5%).

Osteoporosis is an age-related chronic disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and quality, and is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. Postmenopausal women are at the greatest risk of developing osteoporosis due to the cessation in ovarian hormone production, which causes accelerated bone loss. As the demographic shifts to a more aged population, a growing number of p...