The various election systems used throughout the world can be divided into three families: Plurality-Majority, Proportional, and Semi-Proportional. Each family has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. All three families of systems can be used for electing legislative bodies, such as the state legislature, city councils, and school boards. For executive offices, such as governo...

In pattern recognition, there is a growing use of multiple classifier combinations with the goal to increase recognition performance. In many cases, plurality voting is a part of the combination process. In this article, we discuss and test several well known voting methods from politics and economics on classifier combination in order to see if an alternative to the simple plurality vote exist...

The plurality of models of ultimate reality is a central problem for religious philosophy. This essay sketches what is involved in mounting comparative inquiries across the plurality of models. In order to illustrate what advance would look like in such a comparative inquiry, an argument is presented to show that highly anthropomorphic models of ultimate reality are inferior to a number of comp...

Plurality rule, when applied to a fixed agenda setting, is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority. In this paper we consider an endogenous agenda setting with no more than three alternatives. In those equilibria where the Condorcet winner enters the contest, we show, in direct contrast to the fixed agenda case, that Plurality rul...

This paper studies the dominance-solvability (by iterated deletion of weakly dominated strategies) of general scoring rule voting games. The scoring rules we study include Plurality rule, Approval voting, Negative Plurality Rule, Borda rule and Relative Utilitarianism. We provide a classification of scoring rule voting games according to whether the sufficient conditions for dominance solvabili...

Conditions for the gluing matrix defining consistent boundary conditions of twodimensional nonlinear σ–models are analyzed and reformulated. Transformation properties of the right–invariant fields under Poisson–Lie T–plurality are used to derive a formula for the transformation of the boundary conditions. Examples of transformation of D–branes in two and three dimensions are presented. We find ...

The invention relates to the field of computerized generation of a visualization from a plurality of images. In particular, the invention relates to generating a three-dimensional (3D) visu alization from a plurality of two-dimensional (2D) medical images. The images may be obtained from an ultrasound device. Regions of interest are segmented in at least two images and the region of interest is...

religious scientists opinion about the numbers meaning in quran is different. some of them including shahab-o-ddin ebne edris reject that the numbers shall go out of their main original meaning and shall be applied in their virtual meaning and some others agree that some numbers like seven, seventy, and thousands are indicative of figurative meanings and say about them: the meaning of these num...

Countries that elect their policy-makers by means of Plurality Voting tend to have a two-party system. We conduct laboratory experiments to study whether alternative voting procedures yield a two-party system as well. Plurality Voting is compared with Approval Voting and Dual Voting, both of which allow voters to vote for multiple candidates, but differ in whether voters are required to cast al...

A central problem for the game theoretic analysis of voting is that voting games have very many Nash equilibria. In this paper, we consider a new refinement concept for voting games that combines two ideas that appear reasonable for voting games: First, trembling hand perfection (voters sometimes make mistakes when casting their vote) and second, coordination of voters with similar interests. W...