Much of the literature on the design of trade policy institutions takes the political pressure that governments face as exogenous. This paper integrates exogenous and endogenous political pressure into a single model, showing that the presence of endogenous political pressure overturns important results and provides insight into observed features of trade agreements as well as rules of organiza...

The author analyzes the process of reform started in post-Soviet Azerbaijan from the political economy perspective. He reviews the literature on the political economy of transition and presents the political-economic history of transition in Azerbaijan in three stages based on political developments. The author introduces and applies relevant indexes to evaluate the progress of different dimens...

political power is considered as one of the most fundamental public law vocabulary, as far as the separation of political power and public law seems impossible. meanwhile it seems that this concept as the fundamental concept of public law; varies in islamic and liberal thought and there is a serious conflict between them. analysis of this claim requires a proper understanding of the concept of ...

Women’s political representation has been for decades ahead of women’s rights movement. However, women presence in politics is not only limited to women political participation but their position in party politics as well. This paper aims to analyze the role of parties in empowering women at the UK parliament and tries to contribute towards the existing literature through presenting an interdis...

Concepts of terrorism, political turmoil, and war appear unrelated to tourism. Closer examination of their points of convergence and impacts on tourism reveals otherwise. This paper examines literature focusing on the relationships between these phenomena. Research themes which emerge from available studies include impacts of terrorism and political instability on tourist demand, motives of ter...

Purpose – This study sets out to make in-depth comparisons between major political campaigns in the UK and Taiwan, and generate contemporary insights into the creative development process, the working relationships between campaign managers and professional agencies, and the “spin doctor” phenomenon, all through the eyes of very senior professionals. Design/methodology/approach – Material gathe...

it seems that resolution of internal conflict is studied less than the international one. current literature in this regard is not focused on theoretical aspects of conflict resolution, particularly, on conditions and necessaries of resolving these kinds of conflicts. nevertheless, in political science literature it is possible to find some texts that implicitly or explicitly are related to thi...

Introduction The explicit use of techniques in politics which we would now describe as marketing dates back at least to 1920 in Britain (Wring, 1994). Since the Saatchi and Saatchi poster – “Labour isn’t working” – it has become commonplace to speak of political marketing, and many marketers have come to believe that there is a direct transference of their concepts and tools to the political ar...

It is a great honour to give this year’s Keynes lecture. I have chosen as my subject the New Political Economy, a body of research and thinking that has ‡ourished in the past …fteen years or so at the interface between economics and politics. At the margin the New Political Economy reverses the split that occurred between the disciplines of economics and political science at the end of the nine...

parvin e'tesami is one of the famous outstanding persian poets of the constitutional era and also the reign of pahlavi i who composed her poems based on persian classical literature with moral contents and new political and social themes in the field of didactic literature. under the influence of european newfangled intellectuals, romanticism formed during 18th century and devided into dif...