The differentially expressed proteins in pollen tubes indicate their specific roles in this stage of male gametophyte development. To isolate these proteins, 2-DE was done using ungerminated pollen and 2-day-old pollen tubes of Pinus strobus. Results show that 645 and 647 protein spots were clearly resolved from pollen grains and pollen tubes, respectively. Thirty-eight protein spots were expre...

Chemical inhibition of the proteasome has been previously found to effectively impair pollen germination and tube growth in vitro. However, the mediators of these effects at the molecular level are unknown. By performing 2DE proteomic analysis, 24 differentially expressed protein spots, representing 14 unique candidate proteins, were identified in the pollen of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) g...

Floral volatiles and reward traits are major drivers for the behavior of mutualistic as well antagonistic flower visitors, i.e., pollinators florivores. These floral differ tremendously between species, but intraspecific differences their consequences on organism interactions remain largely unknown. volatile compounds, such terpenoids, function cues to advertise rewards pollinators, should at s...

background: allergy is a clinical disorder affecting the human population with wide geographical distribution. platanus orientalis (p. orientalis) trees are planted in many countries and their pollen causes allergic reactions. cyclophilin has recently been identified as one of the most important allergens of p. orientalis pollen. we aimed to clone and purify this allergen in escherichia coli fo...

Double fertilization of flowering plants depends on the targeted transportation of sperm to the embryo sac by the pollen tube. Currently, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate pollen germination and pollen tube growth in maize (Zea mays). Here, a maize pollen-predominant gene Zm908, with several putative short open reading frames (sORFs), was isolated and chara...

abstract- to investigate the effect of draught stress on water relations, stomatal density, chlorophyll content and yield of rapeseed, an experiment was done with four levels of drought stress including l1 (field capacity, fc), l2 (70% available water content, awc), l3 (50% awc), and l4 (30% awc), within three growth stages- including stem elongation (t1), onset of flowering (t2) and silique fo...

One expected effect of climate change on human health is increasing allergic and asthmatic symptoms through changes in pollen biology. Allergic diseases have a large impact on human health globally, with 10-30% of the population affected by allergic rhinitis and more than 300 million affected by asthma. Pollen from grass species, which are highly allergenic and occur worldwide, elicits allergic...

This study assessed chemical components and enzymatic hydrolysis of bee pollen (BP) as an approach to modify its structure generate bioactive peptides which can be used functional ingredients. The food grade proteases Alcalase 2.4L Protamex were at optimized parameters. degree (DH), protein content molecular mass (MM) distribution the soluble in hydrolysates determined indicators for hydrolysis...

abstract: mostly honey bee consumes pollen as fermented and fermentation improves foods biological value in some cases.  in this study we evaluate the nutritional effects of fermented diets on honey bee body protein and brood rearing in colonies. this experiment conducted on honey bee colonies with different diets in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 7 replicates for 50 days....

Modern agricultural systems involve the use of large monocultures, which significantly limits variety flowers for bees. The article presents data on biochemical composition monofloral bee pollen and its influence development pharyngeal glands in honey conducted studies give reason to believe that protein content depends species origin preservation method. studied samples show amount ranges from...