Theoretically, both balancing selection and genetic drift can contribute to the maintenance of gender polymorphism within and/or among populations. However, if strong differences exist among genotypes in the quantity of viable gametes they produce, then it is expected that these differences will play an important role in determining the relative frequency of the genotypes and contribute to whet...

Flower scent is an important trait of ornamental roses and has been character in the selection processes. In present study, composition volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by both petals pollen 21 garden (Chinensis, Climber, English rose, Floribunda, Hybrid Tea, Multiflora, Damascena, Musk Polyantha, Rugosa Shrub) was investigated through GC-MS Static Headspace method. A total 19 differen...

Abstract Body size is a trait that can affect plant–pollinator interaction efficiency and plant reproductive success. We explored the impact of intraspecific shifts on interactions between pollinators flowering plants under controlled conditions. considered two development conditions leading to production large small individual flowers Borago officinalis Echium plantagineum . also used natural ...

The proximity of mates can influence mating opportunities and the quantity and quality of offspring, especially in dioecious plant species. Progeny sex ratios modulated by environmental conditions is one of the most radical ways in which offspring quality may be influenced, yet it has rarely been reported in plants. A mechanism proposed to influence progeny sex ratios in dioecious plants involv...

BACKGROUND Although quality of life studies suggest that allergic rhinitis has a substantial impact on work impairment, national survey estimates of the magnitude of this impairment have varied widely. Retrospective recall bias is likely to be a major cause of this variability. OBJECTIVE This study used a nationally representative daily diary sample to obtain prospective data that improve on ...

Tropical trees may show positive density dependence in fruit set and maturation due to pollen limitation in low-density populations. However, pollen from closely related individuals in the local neighbourhood might reduce fruit set or increase fruit abortion in self-incompatible tree species. We investigated the role of neighbourhood density and genetic relatedness on individual fruit set and a...

Background: The cultivation of saffron is expanding through the southeast of Iran, and allergy to saffron pollen occurs in workers involved in processing this plant. We aimed to clone, sequence and express a major allergen involved in saffron pollen allergy, and to compare the recombinant with the natural allergen. Methods: The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Cro s 1, an allergen from saff...

Bee-collected pollen (bee pollen) is reported as a health food with a vast range of nutritional and therapeutic effects. Biochemical and hematological parameters in blood of rainbow trout treated to various concentrations of pollen (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 30 ppm) for 96 h were determined. The levels of total protein, creatinine, chloride and sodium in fish which exposed to different concentrat...

The origin of the word “allergy” is in the Greek words “allos” (strange) and “ergon” (reaction), and it is a concept that was proposed in 1906. Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and other diseases that are caused by allergies have recently become major problems. The various allergens that exist in the environment are causes of these allergic diseases. There are many types of allergens, inclu...

Asthma and allergic diseases cases have risen in recent decades. Plant pollen is considered as the main aeroallergen causing allergic reactions. According to available data, urban residents experience more respiratory allergies than rural residents mainly due to the interaction between chemical air pollutants and pollen grains. This interaction can occur through several mechanisms; chemical pol...