Due to the relativistic stabilisation of 6p1/2 electrons polonium – usually present in the 4+ oxidation state – can be reduced to the 2+ oxidation state. This cation has – outside it's filled [Xe]4f5d electron shells two electron pairs: 6s and 6p1/2. No information is available about the ionic radius of Po and about it's coordination number of water molecules in aqueous solutions. The measureme...

We have entered the age of big data. Massive datasets are now common in science, government and enterprises. Yet, making sense of these data remains a fundamental challenge. Where do we start our analysis? Where to go next? How to visualize our findings? We answers these questions by bridging Data Mining and HumanComputer Interaction (HCI) to create tools for making sense of graphs with billion...

Polonium (Po), the most volatile of naturally-occurring radionuclides in plants, was analysed in three common brands of cigarettes produced in Portugal. The analyses were carried out on the unburned tobacco contained in cigarettes, on the ashes and butts of smoked cigarettes and on the mainstream smoke. Po in tobacco displays concentrations ranging from 3 to 37 mBq g, depending upon the cigaret...

INTRODUCTION In November 2006, a Russian dissident died from radioactive Polonium-210 (210Po) poisoning in London. Providing reassuring messages during a public health incident may be ineffective for individuals with high health anxiety (hypochondriasis). METHODS Members of the public who called a 24-hour telephone helpline were offered a follow-up call by a health protection specialist for r...