Micro- and nanostructures with three-dimensional (3D) shapes are needed for a variety of applications in optics and fluidics where structures with both smooth and sharp features enhance the performance and functionality. We present a novel method for the generation of true 3D surfaces based on thermally activated selective topography equilibration (TASTE). This technique allows generating almos...

It is fifty years since the first chemical synthesis of a dinucleoside phosphate and a dinucleotide with natural 3'-->5'-internucleotide linkages was reported. The main developments in the methodology of oligo- and poly-nucleotide synthesis that have taken place since are described.

Competition between two polypeptidyl determinants was studied in normal rabbits and rabbits made tolerant to the competing antigen. The capacity of poly-DL-phenylalanyl protein conjugate to inhibit the formation of antibodies specific to the poly-DL-alanyl determinant was dependent on the nature of the protein carrier of the singly substituted antigens. Competition occurred only when the peptid...

Successful vaccine application means maximum protection with minimal number of administrations. A rational development of vaccines involves studies of the nature of the antigen as well as of the adjuvant to be used to improve the immune responses. This has provided the impetus for studies to design the degradable devices and for different approaches to antigen delivery by different routes of ad...

Upon encystment induction, Azotobacter vinelandii produces the phenolic lipids alkylresorcinols (ARs) that are structural components of the cysts. The enzymes responsible for the ARs synthesis are encoded in the arsABCD operon, whose expression is activated by ArpR. The transcription of arpR is initiated from an RpoS dependent promoter. The nitrogen-related phosphotransferase system (PTS(Ntr)) ...

Coated beads retain great importance in the study of cell adhesion and intracellular communication; we present a generally applicable method permitting spatiotemporal control of bead adhesion from cells. Herein we demonstrate in vitro release of a poly-d-lysine (PDL) layer from anionic polystyrene beads, allowing complete bead release from rat cortical neurons post-adhesion.

Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats (250 +/- 10 g) were divided randomly into five equal groups. After overnight fasting, a silastic catheter was placed in the jugular vein of each rat. Each group was intragastrically administered 0.25 mg F/250 g rat weight in 1 ml of one of the following forms of fluoride supplements: Pediaflor (Abbott/Ross, Columbus, OH), Tri-Vi-Flor, Tri-Vi-Flor + iron; Poly-V...

BACKGROUND Implant-related osteomyelitis (IRO) is recently controlled with local antibiotic delivery systems to overcome conventional therapy disadvantages. In vivo evaluation of such systems is however too little. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked whether vancomycin (V)-containing poly-l-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate (PLLA/β-TCP) composites control experimental IRO and promote bone healing in...

Streptomyces albulus PD-1, a productive strain for epsilon-poly-l-lysine and poly-l-diaminopropionic acid, was isolated from soils. We present the genome sequence of S. albulus PD-1, which may provide abundant information regarding the production of epsilon-poly-l-lysine and poly-l-diaminopropionic acid.