The isoprenoids, cholesterol and rubber, are known to arise from mevalonic (3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylvaleric) acid (5, 7). The same is true of carotenes (1, 6). Thus it has been found in this laboratory that mlevalonic acid is rapidly incorporated into carotenes and related compounds in the tonmato fruit (6). The hydrocarbon fraction of tomatoes previously incubated with 2-C'4-mevalonate contains ...

The antifungal activities of amphotericin B/statin and nystatin/statin combinations against some opportunistic pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Paecilomyces variotii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae) were investigated. The in vitro interactions between polyene antifungal drugs and different statins were evaluated using a standard chequerboard b...

Selectivity in the catalytic functionalization of complex molecules is a major challenge in chemical synthesis. The problem is magnified when there are several possible stereochemical outcomes and when similar functional groups occur repeatedly within the same molecule. Selective polyene oxidation provides an archetypical example of this challenge. Historically, enzymatic catalysis has provided...

A survey of carotenoid—protein complexes is presented. Distinction is made between astaxanthin—proteins in which the absorption band of the carotenoid is unaltered in shape, and carotenoid—lipoglycoprotein complexes. The proposal by Buchwald and Jencks79 that the carotenoid is twisted about the double bonds of the polyene chain, is discussed and sustained for astaxanthin—proteins. A mode of bin...

Fatty acids cause a decrease in the absorption spectra of the antifungal polyene macrolide antibiotics nystatin, filipin, candicidin, and amphotericin B. For nystatin, filipin, and candicidin, this decrease in absorption could be correlated with the activity of the fatty acids in protecting the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae against the action of these antibiotics. With amphotericin B a correla...

Capoamycin-type antibiotics (2-5) and polyene acids (6, 7) were isolated from marine Streptomyces fradiae strain PTZ0025. Their structures were established by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) analyses and chemical degradation. Compounds 3, 4, 6, 7 were found to be new and named as fradimycins A (3) and B (4), an...

Recently, carotenoids have received much attention as target compounds for astrobiological prospecting principally because they are a group of molecules that display unique diagnostic Raman spectra that can be assigned to organic material of unequivocal biological origin. However, no work has been performed on assessing the potential of Raman spectroscopic detection of carotenoids from fossiliz...

The photostabilization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films by Schiff bases was investigated. Polyvinyl chloride films containing 0.5 wt % Schiff bases were produced using the same casting method as that used for additive-free PVC films from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl, polyene and hydroxyl indices w...