An experimental investigation of oil retention and pressure drop characteristics for R1234yf, R134a and R410A with POE 100 is presented, for horizontal and vertical suction lines of 10.2 mm internal diameter. Conditions of operation include a saturation temperature of 13 °C and a superheat of 15 °C, with the superficial vapor velocity and the Oil in Circulation Ratio (OCR) both varied in the ra...

In order to expand the availability of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), measures to facilitate the procedure are necessary. When bleeding occurs, the examiner's field of vision is critically impaired, and ESD becomes less efficient and more hazardous because of the presence of submucosal hematoma and covered blood clot. We propose the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) irrigation as a simp...

When two masked targets (T1 and T2), both requiring attention, are presented within half a second of each other, report of the second target is poor, demonstrating an attentional blink (AB). Potter, Chun, Banks, and Muckenhoupt (1998) argued that all previous demonstrations of an AB occurring when one or more targets were presented outside the visual modality did not represent true AB but were,...

Hydration and preferential hydration of macromolecules are two distinct properties of their multicomponent aqueous solutions. We have experimentally investigated ternary diffusion in a macromolecule-osmolyte-water system in order to characterize and compare these two independent quantities and to experimentally establish their role on the phenomenon of coupled diffusion. Specifically, we report...

Droplet microfluidic technology is applied for the high-throughput synthesis via Michael-type addition of reactive, micrometer-sized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels ("microgels") with precisely controlled dimension and physicochemical properties. A versatile chemical scheme is used to modify the reactive PEG microgels with tethered biomolecules to tune their bioactive properties for the b...

We investigate the effect of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side-chain conjugation on the conformational behavior of an α-helix using molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvents of varying hydrophobicity. Our simulations illustrate an increase in peptide helicity with increasing PEG molecular weight in the range ~400 to 1800 Da. The data with varying PEG contour lengths as well as constant...

A novel nanocomposite hydrogel with controllable multiple thermosensitivity has been synthesized by introducing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into clay/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) nanocomposite hydrogel, which exhibits double thermosensitive phase transition: a UCST and a LCST spontaneously.

We report on the protein-resistant properties of glass substrates coated with novel copolymers of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (AEM-PEG). In comparison to currently available protein-blocking polymer systems, such as poly-l-lysine-poly(ethylene glycol), silane-based poly(ethylene glycol), and poly(ethylene glycol) brushes prepared b...

Here we report a detailed synthetic procedure for monodisperse octa(ethylene glycol) p-toluenesulfonate, a member of the heterobifunctional oligo(ethylene glycol) derivatives family. The method offers completely chromatography-free workup and purification, resulting in higher yields and a lower cost than any of the alternative strategies. We also introduce several upgrades, simplifying the meth...

Fifteen glycol ethers were investigated for their potential to cause adverse reproductive toxic effects using an in vivo mouse screening bioassay. Pregnant mice were orally dosed once per day on days 7 through 14 of gestation at concentrations causing 0 to 41% maternal mortality. Reproductive endpoints included pup survival in utero (percent of live litters/pregnant survivors), pup perinatal an...