BACKGROUND Sodium consumption raises blood pressure, increasing the risk for heart attack and stroke. Several countries, including the United States, are considering strategies to decrease population sodium intake. OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness of 2 population strategies to reduce sodium intake: government collaboration with food manufacturers to voluntarily cut sodium in process...

There is mounting evidence that low levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in the pathophysiology of a number of psychiatric disorders. Preclinical studies have shown that n-3 PUFAs decrease anxietylike behaviors, but there is a paucity of information about their effects on anxiety in humans. In light of our observation that substance abusers have poor dietary habits and ...

Background—A 2-day interactive forum was convened to discuss the current status and future implications of reducing sodium in the food supply and to identify opportunities for stakeholder collaboration. Methods and Results—Participants included 128 stakeholders engaged in food research and development, food manufacturing and retail, restaurant and food service operations, regulatory and legisla...

Scirpophaga incertulas Walker is an important agricultural pest in Asia. Only few studies are available on its long-term population dynamics under climate warming. In this study, we used the linear and generalized additive models (GAMs) to analyze the historical dataset of >50 years on this pest at Xinfeng County of Jiangxi Province, China. The main objective of this study was to explore the ef...

Migratory bird species that feed on air-borne insects are experiencing widespread regional declines, but these remain poorly understood. Agricultural intensification in the breeding range is often regarded as one of the main drivers of these declines. Here, we tested the hypothesis that body mass in breeding individuals should reflect habitat quality in an aerial insectivore, the tree swallow (...

BACKGROUND RNA virus populations are heterogeneous ensembles of closely related genomes termed quasispecies. This highly complex distribution of variants confers important properties to RNA viruses and influences their pathogenic behavior. It has been hypothesized that increased mutagenesis of viral populations, by treatment with mutagenic agents, can induce alterations in the pathogenic potent...

BACKGROUND Growth hormone (GH) secretion by the anterior pituitary has been shown to be depressed in severely uraemic rats. Changes in the population of pituitary somatotrophs might be partially responsible for this decrease. METHODS To analyse the population of pituitary somatotrophs in severe uraemia, immunocytochemical detection and quantification of GH-producing cells were carried out on ...

BACKGROUND Ageing is associated with an accumulation of free radical damage, which leads to physiological and clinical modifications. The study aims to find out the status of lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde in geriatric population. PATIENTS/METHODS The study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 healthy control between the ages of 20-30 years and 75 elderly subjects between ag...

BACKGROUND Low vitamin D status may be pronounced in Arctic populations due to limited sun exposure and decreasing intake of traditional food. OBJECTIVE To investigate serum 25(OH)D3 as a measure of vitamin D status among adult Inuit in Greenland, predictors of low serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations and the trend from 1987 to 2005-2010. DESIGN A total of 2877 randomly selected Inuit (≥ 18 years)...

The rate of decay of genetic variability was investigated for two-dimensional continuous populations of finite size. The exact value of the rate involves a rather complicated expression (formula (4-1)). However, numerical examples indicate that in a population habitat size LxL and density D, the rate is approximately equal to (see PDF) where sigma(2) is the variance of dispersion distance assum...