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Dedication To Mom and Dad iii Acknowledgements Any single work was impossible without the invaluable support of many people. I am especially very grateful to my research advisor Prof. Michael Flynn for his encouragement and support. I am so lucky that I had a chance to work with him. I really learned a lot to be a good student and a good person even though not enough yet. I also thank all the o...
Evidential reasoning is a body of techniques that supports automated reasoning from evidence. It is based upon the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. Both the formal basis and a framework for the implementation of automated reasoning systems based upon these techniques are presented. The formal and practical approaches are divided into four parts (1) specifying a set of distinct propos...
In this paper I show that, just as with Nash Equilibrium, there are sparse conditions, not involving common knowledge of rationality, that lead to (correlated) rationalizability. The basic observation is that, if the actual world belongs to a set of states where the set Z of action pro les is played, each player knows her own payo¤, everyone is rational and it is mutual knowledge that the actio...
The paper provides a new semantics for positive modal logic using Kripke frames having a quasi ordering ≤ on the set of possible worlds and an accessibility relation R connected to the quasi ordering by the conditions (1) that the composition of ≤ with R is included in the composition of R with ≤ and (2) the analogous for the inverse of ≤ and R. This semantics has an advantage over the one used...
The Principal Principle (PP) says that, for any proposition A, given any admissible evidence and the proposition that the chance of A is x%, one’s conditional credence in A should be x%. Humean Supervenience (HS) claims that, among possible worlds like ours, no two differ without differing in the spacetime-point-by-spacetime-point arrangement of local properties. David Lewis (1986b, 1994a) has ...
It is known that the implicational fragment of the relevant logic E is complete with respect to the class of Urquhart's models, where a model consists of a semilattice and a set of possible worlds. This paper shows that some implicational relevant logics, which are obtained from E by adding axioms, are complete with respect to the class of Urquhart's models with certain conditions. To show this...
This paper is a contribution to the semantical theory of different types of knowledge ascription, in particular the semantics of ‘knowing who’ and of the interaction between quantifiers and epistemic modal expressions. In possible world semantics, the truth conditions of such sentences depend on the way that identity across possible worlds is modeled. The main argument of this paper is that the...
The integration of spatial datasets from different sources is becoming an increasingly important issue. It is very desirable to have a rigorous approach to integration, as an ad hoc approach can easily lead to incorrect inferences. This paper takes a formal approach, giving the beginnings of a logical semantics framework which allows meaning to be defined mathematically for spatial datasets whi...
We propose an argumentation framework for modelling jury-based dispute resolution where the dispute parties present their arguments before a judge and a jury. While the judge as the arbiter of law determines the legal permissibility of the presented arguments the jurors as triers of facts determine their probable weights. Such a framework is based on two key components: classical argumentation ...
Epistemic modals are a prominent topic in the literature on natural language semantics, with wide-ranging implications for issues in philosophy of language and philosophical logic. Considerations about the role that epistemic might and must play in discourse and reasoning have led to the development of several important alternatives to classical possible worlds semantics for natural language mo...
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