Gallium and aluminum co-doped zinc oxide (GAZO) films were produced by magnetron sputtering. The GAZO films were post-annealed in either vacuum or hydrogen microwave plasma. Vacuum- and hydrogen microwave plasma-annealed GAZO films show different surface morphologies and lattice structures. The surface roughness and the spacing between adjacent (002) planes decrease; grain growth occurs for the...

The single crystal 6H-SiC with [0001] crystal direction irradiated by 400 keV He⁺ ions with 1 × 1017 ions/cm² fluence at 400 °C were annealed at 600, 900, 1200 and 1400 °C for different durations. The evolution of helium bubbles and discs was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. An irradiated layer distributed with fine helium bubbles was formed with a width of ~170 nm after helium...

We demonstrate a method to fabricate ultra-thin, ultra-smooth and low-loss silver (Ag) films using a very thin germanium (Ge) layer as a wetting material and a rapid post-annealing treatment. The addition of a Ge wetting layer greatly reduces the surface roughness of Ag films deposited on a glass substrate by electron-beam evaporation. The percolation threshold of Ag films and the minimal thick...

The effects of different post-deposition annealing ambients (oxygen, argon, forming gas (95% N2 + 5% H2), and nitrogen) on radio frequency magnetron-sputtered yttrium oxide (Y2O3) films on n-type gallium nitride (GaN) substrate were studied in this work. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was utilized to extract the bandgap of Y2O3 and interfacial layer as well as establishing the energy band ali...

The fabrication and characterization of a radio frequency (RF) micromachined switch with annealing were presented. The structure of the RF switch consists of a membrane, coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines, and eight springs. The RF switch is manufactured using the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The switch requires a post-process to release the membrane and springs. The post...

Using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as hole conductor, a series of inverted planar CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated based on perovskite annealed by an improved time-temperature dependent (TTD) procedure in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere for different time. Only after an optimum annealing time, an optimized power conversion efficie...

In this study, the influence of post deposition annealing steps (PDA) on the electrical resistivity of evaporated titanium/platinum thin films on thermally oxidised silicon is investigated. Varying parameters are the impact of thermal loading with maximum temperatures up to TPDA=700 °C and the platinum top layer thickness ranging from 24 nm to 105 nm. The titanium based adhesive film thickness ...

The effects of Nd2Fe14B grain size and Nd coating on the coercivity in sputter-deposited Nd-Fe-B/Nd thin films have been investigated in order to gain an insight into the coercivity mechanism of Nd-Fe-B magnets. Highly textured Nd2Fe14B particles were grown successfully on the MgO(100) single-crystal substrate with the Mo underlayer. As the Nd-Fe-B layer thickness t NFB was decreased from 70 to...

We report on the microstructures and properties of Ti6Al4V alloys, which were achieved upon quenching in sea water medium with potential high cooling rate. The alloys quenched at 1000 1100 °C, respectively. Moreover, effect post-quenching annealing performed 900 °C was analyzed. As a result, alloy experienced surface thermal stress, due to rapid shock, exposure temperature annealing. developed ...

Compression molding of glass optics is gradually becoming a viable fabrication technique for high precision optical lenses. However, refractive index variation was observed in compression molded glass lenses, which would contribute to image quality degradation. In this research, annealing experiments were applied to control the refractive index variation in molded glass lenses. The refractive i...