OBJECTIVE Neural connectivity differences between adults reporting childhood, adulthood or no history of trauma were examined. METHODS A total of 39 participants completed the Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS; Foa EB. Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) Manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems, 1995), a Word Memory Task (WMT; [McNally RJ, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Cl...

background: the 5% to 25% prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) during life-time can cause irrefutable harms an individuals and society. this research carried out to examine or not eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr) treatment can improve ptsd symptoms. materials and methods: 71 patients (56 females and 15 males) have been selected randomly. demographic and kind o...

Life traumatic experiences are major health problems in different communities. Early trauma exposures such as physical and sexual abuse, and midlife traumatic events like exposing to disasters are predisposing and precipitating risk factors for many psychiatric disorders, although many people facing to trauma may not show any problematic symptoms and are quite resilient. Neuropsychiatric eviden...

Functional imaging studies of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder showed wide-spread activation of midline cortical areas during symptom provocation, i.e., exposure to trauma-related cues. The present study aimed at investigating neural activation during exposure to trauma-related pictures in patients with acute stress disorder (ASD) shortly after the traumatic event. Nineteen ASD pati...

What Is Post-traumatic Stress Disorder? Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur after a person has experienced or witnessed life-threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or violent personal assaults such as rape (National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Web Site, 2006). It has been demons...

Trauma is a foremost theme of contemporary literature. The term “post-traumatic stress disorder” (PTSD) found its existence in the 1980s, exploring shattering effects trauma on victim. Traumatic mutism one such psychological disorder characterised by victim’s sudden inability to speak, following trauma. protagonist Maya I Know Why Caged Bird Sings, subjected horror incest at age seven. Overwhel...

Post-traumatic stress disorder has attracted controversy and scepticism since its first appearance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in the 1980s. Over the years the diagnostic criteria have been refined and revised, but the causal relation between the diagnosis and an external trauma has remained fundamentally unchanged. Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated w...

post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is the one of the main disorders arising from disastrous experiences. road accidents are common reasons for mental disorders which are associated with trauma. with regard to the prevalence and effects of ptsd, treatment of these disorders is very important. the aim of the present study is to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing...

the most important characteristics of ptsd, as an anxiety disorder, are memory disorders and hippocampus is one of the essential structures which plays a critical role in ptsd memory disorders. traumatic events cause apoptosis and alter the expression of neurotrophic factors in hippocampus. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of β-estradiol on behavioral responses in ptsd and to st...

post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is an anxiety disorder that can typically occur after traumatic events in which the individual felt sever helplessness or horror. ptsd has a lifetime prevalence of 5–8% and women show higher prevalence than in compared with men. neuroinflammation is associated to anxiety and related disorders such as ptsd. it is an early, specialized immune reaction fallowi...