In December 1961, Letournel [10] published his original series on acetabular fracture classification and operative management. Before that time, acetabular fractures were classified as those associated with posterior hip dislocation and those associated with central hip dislocation. Many were treated without surgery, resulting in poor articular congruity of the hip. Citing an increasing inciden...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Ectopic activity originating inside the pulmonary veins has been associated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in some patients. However, the roles played by the pulmonary veins and the posterior wall of the left atrium in maintaining atrial fibrillation are not well understood. METHODS Our aim was to determine whether there is a correlation between the refractory...

Objective- This study was conducted to make a full understanding of the anatomic and ultrasonographic characteristics of digestive canal in Persian Sturgeon and provide standard approaches for performing digestive tract ultrasonography on this sturgeon species.Design - Experimental studyAnimals - 30 mature Persian sturgeons (Asipenc...

A heretofore unreported type of facial fracture is discussed. Twenty-two cases of posterior maxillary wall fracture are reviewed, of which 59% demonstrated concomitant mandibular fracture. The proposed mechanism for this injury is an impact from the ipsilateral mandibular coronoid process striking the posterior maxillary wall, with associated mandibular dislocation or fracture. As such, further...

Despite overall improved outcomes with open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures, posterior wall fractures show disproportionately poor results. The effect of weight bearing on outcomes of fracture management has been investigated in many lower extremity fractures, but evidence-based recommendations in posterior wall acetabular fractures are lacking. The authors systematicall...

BACKGROUND To characterize the histological changes within the posterior calcaneal cartilage in patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) and test the relationships between severity of the histological changes and level of functional impairment. METHODS Sixteen posterior calcaneal wall specimens of patients with IAT who had posterior calcaneal ostectomy were investigated. Hematoxy...