In isolated bundles of external intercostal muscle from normal goats and goats with hereditary myotonia the following were determined: concentrations and unidirectional fluxes of Na+, K+, and C-, extracellular volume, water content, fiber geometry, and core-conductor constants. No significant difference between the two groups of preparations was found with respect to distribution of fiber size,...

The importance of minerals in the diet of horses is well recognized by horse owners and equine nutritionists alike. The type and quantity of minerals required are very diverse and essential minerals include the major or macrominerals and the trace or microminerals. This discussion will be restricted to three macrominerals, sodium, potassium, and chloride (Na+, K+, Cl-), that are essential to th...

A typical American diet contains amounts of sodium chloride far above evolutionary norms and potassium far below those norms. It also contains larger amounts of foods that are metabolized to noncarbonic acids than to organic bases. At baseline, in a steady state, diets that contain substantial sodium chloride and diets that are net acid producing each independently induce and sustain increased ...

The induction of aneuploidy by physical and chemical agents using different test systems was evaluated. The effect of X-rays, caffeine, acetaldehyde, ethanol, diethylstilbestrol, propionaldehyde, and chloral hydrate was studied by chromosome counting in Chinese hamster embryonic diploid cells. Aneugenic ability of cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, potassium dichromate, chromium chloride, nicke...

-brain levels of HCP varied between 0-442 and 1-204 nmol[g (0-18 and 0 49 ig/g).4 So myelinopathy in case 2 was probably attributable to HCP, despite the absence of clinical signs of toxicity. The trace level in case 1 suggests that myelinopathy was unrelated to HCP, for other causes of infantile spongioform myelinopathy are known, though none has been identified in small premature infants. Nev...

In voltage clamp studies of cardiac Purkinje fibers, a large early outward current is consistently observed during depolarizations to voltages more positive than -20 mV. After the outward peak of the current, the total membrane current declines slowly. Dudel et al. (1967. Pfluegers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol. 294:197--212) reduced the extracellular chloride concentration and found that the outward p...

A fall in extracellular pH increased membrane conductance of the giant cell in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. Chloride conductance was trebled whereas potassium conductance was increased by 50%. Half the giant cells were hyperpolarized (2-8 mv) and half were depolarized (3-10 mv) by lowering the pH. The hyperpolarizing response always became a depolarizing response in half-chlor...

1. Two women with severe hypokalaemic alkalosis were investigated by means of muscle biopsy before and at the end of 2 and 3 weeks respectively of intense therapy with potassium chloride. 2. The muscle biopsy material was analysed for water, electrolytes, adenine nucleotides, phosphocreatine, free creatine, pyruvate, lactate, glycogen and free amino acids. The extra- and intra-cellular distribu...