Baseline information on demographics and practices on semi-intensive free-range egg farms with an outdoor stocking density of ≤1500 hens/hectare in Australia is presented. Free-range egg production is changing the structure of the egg industry in Australia and a broad variety and tiers of free-range systems have emerged due to lack of concrete legislative standards on outdoor stocking densities...

Quantification of ammonia loss from animal feeding operations by measuring gaseous concentration and air exchange through the emitting source is not always practical, e.g., under natural ventilation conditions. Mass balance over an extended period of time may offer possibilities of remedy. This study compares two NH3-N emission estimate approaches for a commercial turkey grow-out house over one...

Recognising how difficult it is for some countries to fully eliminate animal diseases from their territory as a whole or to maintain an animal disease free status in parts of their national territory, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has introduced the concepts of 'zoning' and 'compartmentalisation' for the purposes of disease control and international trade. Full definitions of t...

In 1989 and 1990, a case-control study designed to identify risk factors for sporadic infections with thermotolerant Campylobacter bacteria was conducted in three counties in southeastern Norway. The investigation was confined to infections which were acquired in Norway. A total of 52 bacteriologically confirmed cases and 103 controls matched by age, sex, and geographic region were interviewed....

A wide variety of zoonotic disease risks exists in poultry. Popularity of backyard and smaller production flocks is increasing, as is public concern about global poultry disease events. This paper discusses several of the more common poultry zoonotic diseases, their prevalence and presentation in both poultry and humans.

workers are called, are all voluntary and committed to give up to two years of their life to this work. They get ?1 a week pocket money, two ounces of tobacco and board and lodging, none too luxurious, for the privilege of joining this 'Mission to the Misfit.' They raise money by running an old clothes stall, beg for food, pick up fruit and vegetables that fall off trucks and trolleys in Covent...

This paper performs an assessment of tourists' perception towards semces associated with lodging (hotel factors), dining (restaurant factors), and transportation (transportation factors). The results of the empirical analysis suggested that these are the underlying dimentions held by the tourists: (1) Hotel factors Staff service quality, room quality, business serVices,. security, value and foo...

like other economic markets, housing market is comprised of supply and demand dimensions and equality of supply and demand makes the housing market balanced. the aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of housing market of tehran city and some deficiencies of this market with fundamental – applied methodology. the variable studied here is the saleable residential unit with minim...

Growing animal production results in a significant amount of waste, composed manure, bedding, feed, feathers, etc., whose safe and cost-effective disposal becomes troublesome challenge. The literature review points out that the higher heating value (HHV) animal-origin waste reaches 19 MJ/kg (dry basis), which positions it as promising renewable energy source. Various paths recovery were investi...