The possibility of using BCG — a Mycobacterium bovis strain of attenuated virulence for PPD production instead of a virulent strain of M. bovis has been considered to avoid the biological risks involved in the procedure. The potency and specificity of a PPD tuberculin prepared from BCG was compared in guinea pigs with that of PPD produced from strain AN5 (two batches), a virulent strain of M. b...

20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), one of the representative aglycones of ginsenosides, has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Although phase I metabolism has been investigated extensively, information regarding phase II metabolism of this compound remains to be elucidated. Here, a glucuronidated metabolite of PPD in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and rat liver microsomes (RLMs) was unamb...

OBJECTIVES Understanding patients' preferences for place of death and supporting patients to achieve their wishes has become a priority. This study aims to: (1) examine preferences of patients referred to a specialist palliative care service; (2) determine whether preferences of those who have been admitted as hospice inpatients differ from those who have not; (3) identify reasons why preferred...

Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a major component of hair coloring and black henna products. Although it has been largely demonstrated that PPD induces allergic reactions and increases the risk of tumors in the kidney, liver, thyroid gland and urinary bladder, the effect on dermal papilla cells remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the current study evaluated the effects of PPD on growth, cell de...

OBJECTIVE Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder affecting 10% to 20% of women after childbirth. Research has shown that systematic screening for PPD using self-report questionnaires helps improve the identification of PPD and expedite treatment. Most studies on PPD screening have been conducted in the second and third postpartum months; little is known about whether PPD ...

Based on induration of less than 10 mm at 48 and 72 hours, 49 of 200 (25 percent) patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis failed to respond to intermediate (5TU) strength PPD. Distribution of reactors vs nonreactors was similar with regard to sex but not race, with more white subjects proving to be nonreactive. Additional comparisons between the two groups revealed significantly higher valu...

Previously, we developed a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND) for efficient delivery of nucleic acids. For tumor delivery of a MEND, PEGylation is a useful method, which confers a longer systemic circulation and tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, PEGylation inhibits cellular uptake and subsequent endosomal escape. To overcome this...

In this report we examined the antigen-presenting cell (APC) requirements for activation of T-cell hybridomas specific for the protein antigen PPD (purified protein derivative of tuberculin). During the course of these studies we observed that glutaraldehyde fixation of Ia-positive A20.2JAD (A20) and P388D1 stimulator cells had different effects on T-cell activation. A20 cells fixed with glutar...

BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) has detrimental consequences to the women, their infants and families. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between adult abuse and PPD. METHODS This study was based on data from 53,065 pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Women were recruited th...