4 Numerical weather prediction models have a number of parameters whose values 5 are either estimated from empirical data or theoretical calculations. These values are 6 usually then optimized according to some criterion (e.g., minimizing a cost function) in 7 order to obtain superior prediction. To that end, it is useful to know which parameters 8 have an effect on a given forecast quantity, a...

The Snow and Ice Research Center (SIRC) of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) of Japan has been developing a snow disaster forecasting system. This system consists of an atmospheric mesoscale model NHM, the numerical snow cover model SNOWPACK, and three diagnostic models of snow disasters. In this paper, the performance of NHM and SNOWPACK is invest...

Gridding of daily precipitation data alleviates many of the limitations of data that are derived from point observations, such as problems associated with missing data and the lack of spatial coverage. As a result, gridded precipitation data can be valuable for applied climatological research and monitoring, but they too have limitations. To understand the limitations of gridded data more fully...

Precipitation is a key aspect of the climate system. In this paper, the dependability of five satellite precipitation products (TRMM [Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission] 3BV42, PERSIANN [Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks] CDR, GSMaP [Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation] RENALYSIS, CMORPH [Climate Prediction Center’s morphing techni...

The goal of precipitation nowcasting is to predict the future rainfall intensity in a local region over a relatively short period of time. Very few previous studies have examined this crucial and challenging weather forecasting problem from the machine learning perspective. In this paper, we formulate precipitation nowcasting as a spatiotemporal sequence forecasting problem in which both the in...

drought affects on all aspects of human actirities seriously as a climatic phenomenon. however, the studies related to this phenomenon based on suitable method are very few. studying the drought features and its prediction can be effective on decreasing of resulted losses or damages. therefore, drought and evaluation of its prediction possibility are studied for some stations of ardabil provinc...

Low-frequency (interannual or longer period) climatic variability is of interest, because of its significance for the understanding and prediction of protracted climatic anomalies. Since precipitation is one of the key variables driving various hydrologic processes, it is useful to examine precipitation records to better understand long-term climate dynamics. Here, we use the multi-taper method...

The precipitation of asphaltenes in two Mexican crude oils was measured using a combination of high-pressure isothermal expansion and atmospheric titration with nalkanes. Experiments were carried out from the liveand tank-oil type of samples of the same crude oils. For the oils investigated, compositional data, precipitation phase diagrams, and bubble point pressures are reported. A theoretical...

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is generally recognized as a good indicator of terrestrial vegetation productivity. Understanding climatic influences, in particular precipitation and temperature, on NDVI enables prediction of productivity changes under different climatic scenarios. We examined temporal responses of remotely sensed NDVI to precipitation and temperature during a nin...