Because research on nematode involvement in trophic interactions, foodweb structure, and biodiversity is constrained by lack of an overview of nematode feeding habits, this outline presents a consensus of current thought on nematode feeding habits. The source of food is fundamental to trophic interactions and provides the basis for our definitions of the essential feeding types: 1) plant feeder...

Protecting children online has been a focus of research in psychiatry and sociology for many years. However, the anonymous nature of the Internet has made finding a solution to the problem of child protection online difficult. The current study proposes going beyond the identification of an individual online predator to the recognition of predatory discourse enacted via coercion within frames o...

The modeling investigation in this paper discusses the system level effects of a toxicant on a three species food chain system. In the models, we have assumed that the presence of top predator reduces the predatory ability of the intermediate predator. The stability analysis of the models is carried out and the sufficient conditions for the existence and extinction of the populations under the ...

Model matematika yang merepresentasikan interaksi antara prey (mangsa) dan (pemangsa) dikenal dengan model prey-predator. Penelitian ini membahas dinamika prey-predator memuat fungsi respon Holling tipe III, dimana predator mencari mangsa lain ketika dimakannya mulai berkurang. Dinamika diamati menganalisis kestabilan sistem, yaitu sistem di sekitar titik ekuilibriumnya. Secara analitik terdapa...

Predation at the microbial level can affect the fate of toxic trace metals. Metals associated with bacterial prey can be released into the dissolved phase following digestion by a predator, and/or metals can remain in the predator and be transferred potentially to the next level of the food chain. Toxic metal ions in the aqueous phase also are expected to modify the growth and predation rate of...

...................................................................................................................3 Research Project Background.............................................................................4 -Predator-Prey Interaction -Natural Selection and Coevolution -The Test Case: Canadian Lynx and Snowshoe Hare Laying a Foundation in Differential Equations......................

A delayed periodic predator–prey model with stage structure for predator is proposed. It is assumed that immature individuals and mature individuals of the predator are divided by a fixed age, and that immature predators do not have the ability to attack prey. Sufficient conditions are derived for the existence, uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of positive periodic solutions of the mo...

This paper describes an individual-based model for simulating the swarming behavior of prey in the presence of predators. Predators and prey are represented as agents that interact through radial force laws. The prey form swarms through attractive and repulsive forces. The predators interact with the prey through an anti-newtonian force, which is a nonconservative force that acts in the same di...

We examined the effect of turbidity (0.5-14 beam attenuation m(-1)) and predator attack speed (150 and 296 cm s(-1)) on escape responses of juvenile cod Gadus morhua in the laboratory. We triggered escape responses using a predator model and measured escape timing, direction and locomotor performance. We also measured responsiveness and estimated the likelihood of fish escaping the ;predator at...

In a recent paper, Brodie and Brodie provide a very detailed description of advances and counter-measures among predator-prey communities with a poisonous prey that closely parallel an arms race in modern society. In this work, we provide a mathematical model and simulations that provide a theory as to how this might work. The model is built on a two-dimensional classical predator-prey model th...