Neuroimaging tools have provided novel methods for understanding the impact of prenatal drug exposure on brain structure and function and its relation to develop‐ ment and behavior. Information gained from neuroimaging studies allows for the investigation of how prenatal drug exposure alters the typical developmental trajecto‐ ry. The current prevalence and characteristics of prenatal drug expo...

OBJECTIVE Prenatal stress influences fetal developmental trajectories, which may implicate glucocorticoid mechanisms. There is also emerging evidence that effects of prenatal stress on offspring development are sex-dependent. However, little is known about the prospective relationship between maternal prenatal cortisol levels and infant behaviour, and whether it may be different in male and fem...

Variation in exposure to sex hormones during early development contributes to phenotypic plasticity in vertebrate offspring. As a proposed marker for prenatal sex hormone exposure and because of their association with various physiological and behavioral characteristics, digit ratio and/or digit length have received notable interest within the field of evolutionary ecology. However, the validit...

introduction: - significant increase in usage of silver nanoparticles (agnps) in consumer products, has increased its exposures to human and animals. although there are some reports regarding the effects of agnps on complex organisms, no report was found as to its effects on neurobehavioral ontogeny. methods: to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to agnps on development of neurobehavi...

OBJECTIVE To study the dynamic processes that drive development of childhood overweight by examining the effects of prenatal characteristics and early-life feeding (breastfeeding versus bottle feeding) on weight states through age 7 years. We test a model to determine whether prenatal characteristics and early-life feeding influence the development of a persistent early tendency toward overweig...

Prenatal stress is associated with altered behavioral, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes in offspring. Due to the importance of GABAergic systems in normal development and in psychiatric disorders, prenatal stress effects on these neurons have been investigated in animal models. Prenatal stress delays GABAergic progenitor migration, but the significance of these early developmental disruption...

Postnatal growth and performance in cattle are influenced to some extent by the course of prenatal development. It is important, therefore, to know what factors affect prenatal development and the degree of variation brought about by these factors. The present study was undertaken as part of a broad project to evaluate the factors that affect the efficiency of feed utilization in cattle. This p...