The pressurized irrigation network aims to deliver water consumption nodes at an appropriate pressure and discharge. traditional pipe optimization minimizes the annual operating cost or investment per unit area. present work establishes diameter frequency models based on flattish terrain. It proposes a new synchronization method of operation find best match point for in branched system. costs a...

this study is aimed at an identification of farmers' knowledge level on soil and water issues, hardware and software requirements, and to characterize farmers' educational priorities in tehran, khuzestan, golestan, and mazandaran provinces. three pilot plans were selected and evaluated in each province. field survey was employed and the required data collected via personal interview w...

Safety assessments and environmental impact statements for facilities require an estimation of airborne releases from accidents. Aerosols generated by accidents are being investigated to develop the source terms for these releases. One example of a severe accidental release event is a pressurized liquid release. Pressurized liquid release experiments performed in static air measured the mass ai...

We study the formation of localized structures formed by the point loading of an internally pressurized elastic shell. While unpressurized shells (such as a ping-pong ball) buckle into polygonal structures, we show that pressurized shells are subject to a wrinkling instability. We study wrinkling in depth, presenting scaling laws for the critical indentation at which wrinkling occurs and the nu...

About 20% of the electricity produced in the world is consumed in rotary equipment for conveying fluids such as water, gas, air, and other liquids, while the loss of energy consumption in this sector is more than 60%. The aim of this study is to evaluate different efficiencies in the pumping stations in the pressurized irrigation systems to address low energy efficiency issues in the pump stati...

Each year there are approximately 76 million foodborne illnesses and fresh produce is the second most common vehicle for such illnesses. Small fruits have been implicated in several outbreaks although none have been bacterial. Prior to market small fruits are not washed or treated in any manner so as to extend their shelf life. Washing alone is not a viable option and the use of novel technolog...