OBJECTIVES Although generally effective for sedation during noninvasive procedures, dexmedetomidine as the sole agent has not been uniformly successful for invasive procedures. To overcome some of the pitfalls with dexmedetomidine as the sole agent, there are an increasing number of reports regarding its combination with ketamine. This article provides a descriptive account of the reports from ...

INTRODUCTION Motion artifacts are a common problem in pediatric radiographic studies and are a common indication for pediatric procedural sedation. This study aimed to compare the combination of oral midazolam and ketamine (OMK) with oral midazolam alone (OM) as procedural sedatives among children undergoing computed tomography (CT) imaging. METHODS The study population was comprised of six-m...

Background: Emergency physicians routinely perform emergency department procedural sedation (EDPS) with propofol and its safety is well established. However, in 2009 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) enacted guidelines defining propofol as deep sedation and requiring administration by a physician. Common EDPS practice had been one-physician performing both the sedation and pr...

The number of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions performed under sedation is growing rapidly. While providing patients with an improved experience secondary to anxiolysis, analgesia, and amnesia, sedation also puts them at risk for associated cardiorespiratory and other complications. Several medications are available for sedation, all of which have unique advantages and disadvantages. Th...

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence of adverse events in the emergency department (ED) during procedural sedation in the paediatric population. Randomised controlled trials and observational studies from the past 10 years were included. We adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) state...

This comparative analysis examined the cost-effectiveness of music therapy as a procedural support in the pediatric healthcare setting. Many healthcare organizations are actively attempting to reduce the amount of sedation for pediatric patients undergoing various procedures. Patients receiving music therapy-assisted computerized tomography scans ( n = 57), echocardiograms ( n = 92), and other ...

The pediatric emergency department can be frightening for children. Visits are unplanned, and frequently accompanied by significant emotional and physical distress. While treatment of pain and anxiety in children have been historically inadequate, the barriers to their treatment have largely been overcome through increased awareness, child- and family-focused care, standardized assessment, inst...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) is an attractive agent for procedural analgesia and sedation of children in the emergency department (ED). Despite increasing use, efficacy data for painful procedures are limited. This study aimed to determine pain scores during ED procedural sedation with N(2)O in the ED setting. METHODS Prospective observational study of N(2)O use as a sole agent for p...

Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist that demonstrates anxiolytic and analgesic properties without inducing respiratory compromise, which makes it a suitable agent for procedural sedation and imaging studies. In our current case reports, intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion was used to provide sedation to 2 pediatric patients over more than 20 sessions of radiation ther...

INTRODUCTION Various types of sedation can be used for the reduction of a dislocated total hip arthroplasty. Traditionally, an opiate/benzodiazepine combination has been employed. The use of other pharmacologic agents, such as etomidate and propofol, have more recently gained popularity. Currently no studies directly comparing these sedation agents have been carried out. The purpose of this stu...