ONGOING DEBATES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR ABOUT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, PRICING AND REIMBURSEMENT, AND PUBLIC RESEARCH INVESTMENTS HAVE A COMMON DENOMINATOR: the pursuit of innovation. However, there is little clarity about what constitutes a true pharmaceutical innovation, and as a result there is confusion about what kind of new products should be pursued, protected and encouraged through h...

The 2006 US Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act gave the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) new authority to fund the development and procurement of medical countermeasures against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats. The legislation builds on the authority the HHS gained in 2004 under Project BioShield, which established a fund to procure medical cou...

In this work, we describe a simple 1-mask sacrificial layer process that allows us to prototype a tuneable capacitor. The process is specially optimized to procure a dual picks profile of the sacrificial layer. The geometry design and the influence of the structural material stress were considered through the finite element analysis. The FEM simulation with Ansys was used to study in detail pro...

Supply chain management is the integration of the activities that procure materials, transform them into intermediate goods and final products, and deliver them to customers [1]. New product development (NPD) processes include design and development along with sourcing through the company’s development chain. In order to remain competitive, supply chains must continuously develop and deliver ne...

We study a dynamic mechanism design problem in which a buyer seeks to procure an item from a single seller in multiple periods. The seller is privately informed about her procurement cost at each period, and this cost may be serially correlated over time. We restrict the buyer to use mechanisms satisfying a limited liability constraint: the seller’s flow payoffs must be non-negative at each per...

A buyer seeks to procure a service and solicits bids from sellers. The cost of the service depends on characteristics that are only known to the buyer (“common values”). The buyer can choose how many bids to solicit and the number of solicited bids cannot be disclosed verifiably. We characterize equilibrium. We show that there are potentially important differences between a standard common valu...

The quantity of circulating reticulocytes is an important indicator of erythropoietic activity in response to a wide range of haematological pathologies. While most modern laboratories use flow cytometry to quantify reticulocytes, most field laboratories still rely on 'subvital' staining. The specialist 'subvital' stains, New Methylene Blue (NMB) and Brilliant Crésyl Blue are often difficult to...

Selective catheterization of intracranial arteries for angiographic, embolization, and perfusion procedures is usually performed with a calibrated-leak balloon catheter first developed by Kerber [1]. This system employs a leaking latex micro balloon glued to the end of a very flexible 2.5 French Silastic catheter [2, 3]. The flexibility of this catheter necessitates that it be injected into the...

During my residence in the Amazon district I took every opportunity of determining the limits of species, and I soon found that the Amazon, the Rio Negro and the Madeira formed the limits beyond which certain species never passed. The native hunters are perfectly acquainted with this fact, and always cross over the river when they want to procure particular animals, which are found even on the ...

Laser-based microdissection technologies have been recently developed and applied to procure homogenous populations of tumor cells from paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue sections. When combined with whole-genomic amplification techniques, sufficient amounts of DNA can be generated from a small number of tumor cells procured by laser-based microdissection. Amplified DNA can then be used to per...