We study the performance of a stylized supply chain where multiple retailers and a single producer compete in a Cournot-Stackelberg game. At time t = 0 the retailers order a single product from the producer and upon delivery at time T > 0, they sell it in the retail market at a stochastic clearance price. We assume the retailers’ profits depend in part on the realized path of some tradeable sto...

Purpose. Potato is one of the most important crops to ensure food security globally; potato growing also a source income and livelihood for poorest, especially in developing countries. In view this, studies on factors affecting prices could stimulate agripolitical measures security, rural wealth, industry small farms’ development. This paper aims explore whether business entities farm household...

Ball and Mankiw (1995) use a static menu-cost model to explain the historical behaviour of the first and higher moments of commodity price changes in US producer prices. We show that when appropriately modified for a world of positive trend inflation and forward-looking behaviour by firms, the menu-cost model predicts a much weaker (possibly zero) correlation between the mean and the skewness o...

We study the performance of a stylized supply chain where multiple retailers and a single producer compete in a Cournot-Stackelberg game. At time t = 0 the retailers order a single product from the producer and upon delivery at time T > 0, they sell it in the retail market at a stochastic clearance price. We assume the retailers’ profits depend in part on the realized path of some tradeable sto...

As part of the economic analysis biofuel chain in Colombia, there are those factors that determine both costs and prices within industry. This section reviews contractual agreements formulas explain role feedstock producer, transformation agent, commercial trader.

after the war with iraq which ended in 1988, iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on five-year national development plans. the main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and to encourage sustainable agriculture. this paper investigates the extent to which iran's government has been able to achieve thi...

After the war with Iraq which ended in 1988, Iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on Five-Year National Development Plans. The main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and to encourage sustainable agriculture. This paper investigates the extent to which Iran's government has been able to achieve thi...

The terms of trade debate initiated by Raul Prebisch and Hans Singer over 60 years ago continues to this day and is unlikely to be resolved soon. However, even if Prebisch and Singer are right and the terms of trade of countries exporting primary products are falling, to suggest that these countries should diversify away from the production of mineral commodities and other primary products, as ...

Among Medical products, jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is very important due to its very high nutritional value. Jujube as one of the most valuable medicinal plants can play an important role in Iran's non-oil exports. In spite of this fact, unfortunately, the production, distribution and marketing of this product are confronted with a number of obstacles. Therefore, this study can help for ide...