OBJECTIVE To evaluate incidence and risk factors of postoperative meningitis, with special emphasis on antibiotic prophylaxis, in a series of 6243 consecutive craniotomies. METHODS Meningitis was individualized from a prospective surveillance database of surgical site infections after craniotomy. Ventriculitis related to external ventricular drainage or cerebrospinal fluid shunt were excluded...

OBJECTIVES Symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause significant morbidity and occasional mortality after liver transplantation. In a previous audit, we showed that donor CMV seropositivity (D+) was a risk factor for symptomatic infection, and we estimated the likely clinical and financial impact of 14 weeks of oral ganciclovir prophylaxis given to recipients of CMV-seropositive org...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness and costs of prophylaxis for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in patients with AIDS. DESIGN A decision analysis model was constructed to compare rifabutin (300 mg/day), azithromycin (1200 mg/week), and clarithromycin (500 mg twice per day) with no prophylaxis. Sensitivity analysis was done on all model parameters, including init...

Cytomegalovirus continues to be a concern after transplantation despite prophylaxis regimens. Our aim was analyse post-prophylaxis primary cytomegalovirus infections among kidney transplant recipients 6-month valganciclovir and determine the usefulness of surveillance prophylaxis. Data from all D+/R- January 2004 October 2018 at our center who received with were retrospectively analysed (N = 48...

backgrounds: there are controversies among surgeons about prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (dvt) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. the aim of this study was the assessment of patients’ condition after laparoscopic cholecystectomy without any prophylactic measure. methods: 100 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy without dvt prophylaxis were followed by duplex scanning in the first postoperat...

We used a deterministic SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed) meta-population model, together with scenario, sensitivity, and simulation analyses, to determine stockpiling strategies for neuraminidase inhibitors that would minimize absenteeism among healthcare workers. A pandemic with a basic reproductive number (R0) of 2.5 resulted in peak absenteeism of 10%. Treatment decreased peak a...

Postexposure prophylaxis after sexual exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is recommended by state and national agencies. A cross-sectional survey of 117 Los Angeles County sites found that 17 sites (14.5%) offer postexposure prophylaxis. Ten sites (8.5%) offer postexposure prophylaxis to patients who are uninsured. General availability of postexposure prophylaxis should be a public h...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the cumulative exposure to bacteraemia from dental procedures currently recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis and compare this with cumulative exposure from dental procedures not recommended for prophylaxis. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING University and teaching hospital maxillofacial and dental department. PATIENTS 136 children with severe congenital cardia...

BACKGROUND The safety and timing of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in patients with blunt splenic injuries is not well known. We hypothesized that early initiation of VTE prophylaxis does not increase failure of nonoperative management or transfusion requirements in these patients. METHODS A retrospective review of trauma patients with blunt splenic injury was performed. Patients we...