One important role of corporate governance is to ensure that real options are exercised in the interest of the shareholders. This paper explores whether and how this can be achieved in start-up firms by the venture capitalist retaining a post-IPO equity stake. Our setting is a firm whose future prospects are uncertain and strategic choices remain to be made. The payoff to entrepreneur and share...

Abstract Background and Objective: In general, understanding and willingness to act toward a certain thing is called the attitude toward that thing. Individuals’ attitudes change in different periods of life according to their environment. One of the stages of life that has the most change of attitude and interest is the period of studying. This research was conducted to survey the attitude of ...

The fifth generation (5G) cellular network is coming. What technologies will define it? Will 5G be just an evolution of 4G, or will emerging technologies cause a disruption requiring a wholesale rethinking of entrenched cellular principles? This article focuses on potential disruptive technologies and their implications for 5G. We classify the impact of new technologies, leveraging the Henderso...

Explosive nucleosynthesis is a combination of the nuclear physics of thermonuclear reactions, and the hydrodynamics of the plasma in which the reactions occur. It depends upon the initial conditions—the stellar evolution up to the explosive instability, and the nature of the explosion mechanism. Some key issues for explosive nucleosynthesis are the interaction of burning with hydrodynamics, the...

Address: 1Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan, 2Department of Psychology, Boston College, Boston, USA, 3Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 4Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of ...

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OUR two recent atte~pts ~t baboon-to-human xenotransplantatton faJled. I -. However. there were encouraging notations. First. the xenografts had no evidence of B virus infection during their posttransplant survival of 70 and 26 days in B virus carriers. Second. there also was little histopathologic evidence of humoral or cellular rejection of these livers. Yet. their function was suboptimal. If...

Atom interferometers were ® rst realized ten years ago, and since then have evolved from beautiful demonstrations of quantum physics into instruments at the leading edge of precision measurement. In this article we trace the development of atom interferometry, looking at how the physical principles have been put into practice to achieve ground-breaking experiments. We also discuss new atom opti...

The current Internet was built for a world of a few million users, utilizing relatively lowspeed communications links with limited functions (such as the World Wide Web and Web browsers). Accommodating the traffic generated by anticipated billions of users and trillions of digital devices necessitates significant technological evolution. Higher education is playing a pivotal role in this evolut...