conclusions depression and anxiety are prevalent in methamphetamine users. short-term abstinence improves depression and quality of life but does not improve anxiety in methamphetamine abusers. during follow up of these patients, addressing depression and anxiety is important to achieve better results. results the mean depression score after abstinence decreased significantly (p < 0.001). both ...

background: the period of hospital stay and the first month after discharge have been found to be the most problematic stages for family caregivers of stroke survivors. it is just at home that patients and caregivers actually understand the whole consequences of the stroke. the adult offspring often have more different needs and concerns than spousal caregivers. however, relatively little atten...

conclusions this method can be appropriate to estimate sensitive issues; however, lack of understanding the method or doubting the confidentiality of the responses can lead to bias in the results. that is to say, if the instructions are introduced better, the level of trusting the method will increase and accordingly more reliable responses can be obtained. more studies under controlled conditi...

many diseases are related to cerebrospinal .uid (csf) hydrodynamics. therefore, understanding the hydrodynamics of csf .ow and intracranial pressure is helpful for obtaining deeper knowledge of pathological processes and providing better treatments. furthermore, engineering a reliable computational method is promising approach for fabricating in vitro models which is essential for inventing gen...

introduction: asthma and obesity are among diseases that cause several problems and impair quality of life.  the concurrence of these diseases, changes in the respiratory physiology, changes associated with obesity and limited activity associated with asthma may cause an interaction between the two conditions. materials and methods: we studied the epidemiologic characteristics of all recently d...

spinal cord injury (sci) is a trauma that disturbs motor, sensitive and autonomic function and directly impacts the quality of life. after physical damage, releasing of pro-inflammatory proteins and cytokines occurs and with collaboration of immune system cells, an immune response begins in the brain tissue. the result of neuroinflammation is edema, apoptosis and release of axonal growth inhibi...

BACKGROUND The nosology of the psychosis high-risk state is controversial. Traditionally conceived as an 'at risk' state for the development of psychotic disorders, it is also conceptualised as a clinical syndrome associated with functional impairment. AIMS To investigate meta-analytically the functional status of patients at high clinical risk for psychosis and its association with longitudi...