Can the organization of local edge measurements into curves be directly related to natural image structure? By viewing curve organization as a statistical estimation problem, we suggest that it can. In particular, the classical Gestalt perceptual organization cues of proximity and good continuation—the basis of many current curve organization systems—can be statistically measured in images. As ...

Inverted Generational Distance (IGD) has been widely considered as a reliable performance indicator to concurrently quantify the convergence and diversity of multiand manyobjective evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, an IGD indicatorbased evolutionary algorithm for solving many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs) has been proposed. Specifically, the IGD indicator is employed in each gen...

In this article, we defend the thesis that geographical proximity remains essential for knowledge transfer, but not often implies the co-location of innovation and research activities. The need for geographical proximity now mostly affects certain stages of the process of production, research or development. Short or medium-term visits are often sufficient for the partners to exchange the infor...