The present decline in per capita expenditure on health in Saudi Arabia requires private funding to reduce pressure of health expenditure on the government budget. User charges would be an important source of revenue in the Kingdom where services cannot be cut and taxes are not imposed. User charges in public facilities would curtail over-utilization and reduce inefficient use of resources by p...

Background Unequal distribution of specialist doctors in Indonesia has been identified many years ago. Government has taken several measures to address this issue. However the phenomenon is still present today. In the year 2014, Indonesia will apply universal health coverage which needs specialist doctors to support it. The failure to provide specialist doctors would increase inequity, particul...

A project that piloted the secure electronic preparation of examination papers ran during the first semester of the academic year 1998-99 at the University of Salford. The examination papers were transferred between the participants (lecturers, administrators and external examiners) using secure electronic mail. Security was provided by a managed public key infrastructure. Users were profiled a...

OBJECTIVE To measure time trends in major day surgery rates according to hospital ownership and other hospital characteristics among the providers of the public healthcare network of Catalonia, Spain. METHOD Data from the Statistics of Health Establishments providing Inpatient Care. A generalized linear mixed model with Gaussian response and random intercept and random slopes. RESULTS The g...

SPKI/SDSI is a framework that combines a simple public-key infrastructure and a simple distributed security infrastructure with a means of defining local name spaces. It allows principals, which can be a person or an organization, to locally create groups of principals and delegate rights to other principals or groups of principals by issuing certificates. To prove authorizations, principals ne...

The purpose of this paper is to consider the role of the lifeworld perspective in reducing inequalities in health and we explain how the public health practitioner can use this perspective to address public health issues with individuals and groups. We offer ideas for public health actions that are based on and deal with the lifeworld context of individual people or families. Each of the dimens...

This paper extends the certificateless public key infrastructure model that was proposed by Hassouna et al by proposing new digital signature scheme to provide true non-repudiation, the proposed signature scheme is short and efficient, it is also has strength point that the KGC has no contribution in signature generation/verification process, therefore any compromise of the KGC does not affect ...

This paper econometrically analyzes the relationship between public spending and gendered urban employment in China for the period 1999-2009. Proponents of gender-sensitive public policies suggest that spending on healthcare and education may increase long-run growth and women’s relative employment via the expansion of paid care work (increasing labor demand) and reductions in unpaid labor (inc...

On March 23, 1942, the organization we know today as ASTHO, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, was officially “born.” Well before 1942, however, state and territorial health officials convened to network, discuss public health priorities, exchange information, and advocate for the work of governmental public health. Historical reports show that as early as 1879, the indi...

BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction is considered an essential component of healthcare services evaluation and an additional indicator of the quality of healthcare. Moreover, patient satisfaction may also predict health-related behaviours of patients such as adherence to treatment and recommendations. AIMS The study aimed to assess patients' level of satisfaction with public healthcare services a...