City parks are one of the green open public spaces. The development city gives meaning to community because people who busy working very rarely interact. existence a park as space provides movement for be able interact with other individuals. In Sidoarjo, there is Park called Abhirama Park. strategically located easy access. This research aims analyze interaction in Sidoarjo community. results ...

Governmental facilities for such services as education, health, and transportation are often small, of poor quality, and overcrowded, even when the costs are spread among all taxpayers. We also find that governments may subsidize private facilities providing the same services, or may charge admission fees at public facilities. We explain these phenomena with a model which considers two types of...

Urbanization is a product of human population growth and industrialization. In industrialized as well as developing countries, urbanization has moved humans away from many arthropod pests, but into intimate associations with others. Since the introduction of synthetic organic insecticides, urban dwellers have fought pests almost exclusively with repeated applications of chemicals. In agricultur...

This paper explores the relationships among the usability of a Web-based Public Participatory GIS (Web-PPGIS), the degree of pre-decisional engagement and decision outcomes in the context of a real-world participatory planning project. ArgooMap is used to support local residents in an online procedure for determining the “optimal” location of a new parkade in Canmore, Alberta. UsaProxy is emplo...

BACKGROUND Neighborhood environment factors may influence physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to develop and test a brief instrument to systematically document and describe the type, features, amenities, quality and incivilities of a variety of PA resources. METHOD The one-page Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument was developed to assess all publicly avail...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: D78 H42 H75 I24 O15 Keywords: Fiscal federalism Local government expenditures Political economy Education policy Municipalities What drives governments with similar revenues to provide very different amounts of goods with private sector substitutes? Education is a prime example. I use exogenous shocks to Brazilian municipalities' revenue during 1995–200...

Between the Second World War and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, privately held land was generally forbidden in the Soviet Union. In Latvia, as well as in other former States of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the government has instituted a land restitution policy to reinstate lands to their previous owners. Latvia’s Gauja National Park was created as the second Soviet national park...

CONTEXT Built environment-focused interventions and policies are recommended as sustainable approaches for promoting physical activity. Physical activity has not traditionally been considered in land use and transportation decision making. Effective collaboration with non-public health partners requires knowledge of their perceived barriers to such consideration. OBJECTIVE This analysis sough...