This document describes a Transport Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), that uses either the Transport Layer Security protocol or the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol. The TLS and DTLS protocols provide authentication and privacy services for SNMP applications. This document describes how the TLS Transport Model (TLSTM) implements the needed features of a S...

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1 Applied Mathematics Research Centre, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK [email protected] 2 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany 3 Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine 4 Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine 5 Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes...

This paper focuses on a number of challenges faced by the public transport industry and the prospects for resolution. Many of the issues are often shrouded in ideology, politics and prejudices that typically cloud the real merits of a solution. We argue that public transport is increasingly a niche provider of land passenger transport services, which if positioned and managed better will be cap...

In Japan, a liberalization policy was implemented over railways and buses in 2000 and 2002 respectively. Under that policy, quantity regulations for railways and buses were abolished, withdrawal regulations were eased, although fare regulations were maintained. However, even after this liberalization, institutional design remains considerably different between Japan and EU countries. An argumen...