In 1996, the United States eliminated the entitlement to cash assistance for low-income citizens with the passage of historic welfare reform. With the institution of time-limits on cash assistance, the policy goals of the socialwelfare system shifted from “income support” to “work support” and the welfare rolls decreased substantially. Although policy goals changed, the service-delivery structu...

This study examines the prevalence and associated factors of New York City public shelter use among young adults with histories of out-of-home care or nonplacement preventive services as teenagers. The study finds that 19 percent of former child welfare service users entered public shelters within 10 years of exit from child welfare. Persons with out-of-home placement histories are twice as lik...

This paper analyzes the effects of partial public ownership on product differentiation and social welfare in the framework of a mixed duopoly with spatial competition. It shows that unless the public ownership exceeds a critical level, maximal differentiation continues to hold and social welfare does not improve. However, both the critical level of ownership and the marginal effect of ownership...

A growing movement in the United States seeks to improve the outcomes achieved by public agencies through performance measurement strategies. In child welfare policy, a federally mandated performance measurement system has evolved since the 1980s, establishing the federal Child and Family Services Review which uses a series of performance indicators for evaluating the child welfare system. This...

Just occasionally, a landmark event triggers lasting animal welfare change. So it was for farm animal welfare with a book called Animal Machines published in 1964 by Ruth Harrison (Harrison, 1964). The book alerted the general public to the suffering of intensively farmed calves and chickens and prompted the Brambell Report that developed a list of five freedoms for farmed animals and prompted ...

make his own emotional adjustments many things are needed, but, most important, are sympathetic teachers in the medical school, to whom he may turn for help and advice and with whom he may discuss his problems. This is by far the most difficult task but is one which the medical school is morally bound to accept. Secondly there must be an adequate library covering the whole range of subjects all...