[Purpose] This research investigated the effect of angular variation of flexion of the elbow joint on the muscle activation of elbow flexor muscles. [Subjects] The research subjects were 24 male college students with a dominant right hand who had no surgical or neurological disorders and gave their prior written consent to participation with full knowledge of the method and purpose of this stud...

PURPOSE The kinematics of eye rotation is not entirely elucidated despite two centuries of fascination with the deceptively simple yet geometrically complex nature of the movement. Recently, the traditional view that oculorotatory muscles except the superior oblique muscle exert straight pull on the globe has been challenged by the claim that the muscles also go through a connective tissue pull...

UNLABELLED Closed rupture of the flexor tendon sheath has been known to occur in the elite rock climbing population. However, only one study has investigated the prevalence of this entity. PURPOSE To examine an elite climbing group in this country for the prevalence of pulley rupture and report on other commonly occurring injuries in the hand and elbow. METHODS 42 elite rock climbers compet...

The excursion resistance between the tendon and pulley is an important factor contributing to the limitation of function after surgery to the hand. The administration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the early rehabilitation after tendon grafting may help to prevent adhesions. We evaluated changes in the excursion resistance between potential sources of flexor tendon grafts and the annular pulley in ...

The tendon driven mechanism using a cable and pulley to transmit power is adopted by many surgical robots. However, backlash hysteresis objectively exists in cable-pulley mechanisms, and this nonlinear problem is a great challenge in precise position control during the surgical procedure. Previous studies mainly focused on the transmission characteristics of the cable-driven system and construc...

The aim of the study is to obtain an optimal arm section for the structures like pulleys, gears, flywheels etc. considering variation of rim thickness with pulley radius. Presently, the design of arm pulley with thin rim is being carried out with an assumption that the bending moment (BM) is shared by half the number of arms, whereas in case of arm gear or V-Belt pulley the assumption is made t...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate if a new tendon transfer surgical procedure that uses an implanted passive engineering mechanism for attaching multiple tendons to a single donor muscle in place of directly suturing the tendons to the muscle improves hand function in physical interaction tasks such as grasping. METHODS The tendon transfer surgery for high median ulnar pals...

PURPOSE Compartmentalization of the extraocular muscles into well-defined orbital and global layers is highly conserved. Recently, the active pulley hypothesis correlated the anatomic properties of orbital-global muscle layers with layer-specific division of labor. Microarray technology was used to identify muscle-layer-specific transcriptional profiles and, thereby, extend understanding of the...

In most industrial applications, the re-use of belts in power transmissions continues to increase and invade the market especially in automobiles where various types of belts are used. For this purpose, the belt manufacturers are aware of the importance and the valuable advantages of this transmission member and put all their efforts to develop and improve its geometrical and mechanical charact...