This paper presents a novel mathematical model of alveoli, which simulates the effects of tissue elasticity and surfactant on the stability of human alveoli. The model incorporates a spherical approximation to the alveolar geometry, the hysteretic behavior of pulmonary surfactant and tissue elasticity. The model shows that the alveolus without surfactant and the elastic properties of the lung t...

We visualized pulmonary acini in the core regions of the mouse lung in situ using synchrotron refraction-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and evaluated their kinematics during quasi-static inflation. This CT system (with a cube voxel of 2.8 μm) allows excellent visualization of not just the conducting airways, but also the alveolar ducts and sacs, and tracking of the acinar shape and its defor...

Regeneration of gas exchange area by induction of neoalveolarization would greatly improve therapeutic options in destructive pulmonary diseases. Unilateral pneumonectomy is an established model to remove defined portions of gas exchange area and study mechanisms of compensatory lung growth. We addressed the question whether new alveoli are added to the residual lung after pneumonectomy in mice...

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious and transmissible lung cancer of sheepresembling human bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. In the present study, lungs of 9400 sheep slaughtered inFars province, Iran were examined morphopathologically. The OPA was diagnosed in the lungs of 21(0.22%) out of 9400 sheep. Frequency of involvement of different lobes in the affected lungs was includeda...

Regeneration of the gas exchange area by induction of neoalveolarisation would greatly improve therapeutic options in destructive pulmonary diseases. Unilateral pneumonectomy is an established model to remove defined portions of gas exchange area and study mechanisms of compensatory lung growth. The question of whether new alveoli are added to the residual lung after pneumonectomy in mice was a...

We have recently seen a 21-year-old primigravida who had eclampsia at term. 6 h post-partum she became acutely dyspnoeic with P02 36 mm Hg in room air. The hypoxaemia did not respond well to oxygen. Serial X-rays revealed diffuse alveolar infiltrates. The differential diagnosis between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema was made difficult by the marked cardiomegaly on chest X-ray,...

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a statement characterizing COVID-19 as pandemic that has, of October caused almost 36 million confirmed global cases and over 1 deaths. One long-term complications suggested by researchers is fibrosis. It has been hypothesized combination ongoing pulmonary injury inability to promptly repair damage results in interstitial matrix wi...

The increase in pulmonary arterial pressure that occurs when low concentrations of oxygen are inspired (von Euler and Liljestrand, 1946) is associated with a fall in pulmonary artery oxygen saturation, and results from an increase in pulmonary arteriolar resistance (Motley et al., 1947; Lewis and Gorlin, 1952). Experiments on isolated perfused lungs in cat and dog (Hall, 1953; Duke, 1954, 1957)...

Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis is a rare condition usually affecting children and young adults, both male and female. It is characterised by intermittent episodes of pulmonary haemorrhage producing haemoptysis, iron deficiency anaemia and in its early stages a rise in KICO (transfer factor per unit of alveolar volume). Electron microscopic studies have demonstrated damage to the capillary ...

Mechanical factors of lung ventilation have been studied under various conditions since the works of Rohrer,’ Wirtz and Neergaard.’ Clinical application was reached with the well-known papers of Dean and Visscher3 and Otis and others.4 Because of the resistances aroused by such a displacement, the action of a series of forces or pressures is required for moving a volume of a gas to or from the ...