The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitides are a group of uncommon diseases characterised by inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis of blood vessel walls. ANCA there has been considerable progress towards understanding their pathogenesis. This results in endothelial activation with increased transmigration and adherence of neutrophils to vessel walls. Specific ...

In spite of the massive volume of hemodynamic data which has been collected in humans many basic problems of circulatory physiology, pathology and therapy remain unsolved or controversial. Blood flows and pressures cannot usually be measured, controlled and varied adequately in man; a complete, rational picture of human circulatory physiology is therefore not in existence. Hence the need for fu...

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an adaptive response that diverts pulmonary blood flow from poorly ventilated and hypoxic areas of the lung to better ventilated parts, matching blood perfusion to ventilation. HPV is an ancient and highly conserved response expressed in the respiratory organs of all vertebrates. However, the underlying mechanism and the role of the endothelium remain...

This excellent monograph by Phillippe Sengel brings together an enormous body of data on the embryonic development of the skin in mammals, birds, and reptiles, and most of the information available on the many chemical factors and tissue interactions which produce these changes. The book is divided into four sections. The first describes the histogenesis of developing skin visible with the ligh...

To study the effects of alveolar hypoxia on canine bronchopulmonary shunt flow, a biventricular bypass preparation was employed. The preparation allowed a constant and sensitive measure of changes in pulmonary venous blood flow. In 16 of 18 dogs with intact bronchial arteries, alveolar hypoxia caused an increase in pulmonary venous return both under conditions of constant pulmonary arterial inf...

THE NORMAL LUNG contains two distinct circulations of strikingly different origins, proportions, and functions. On the one hand is the huge pulmonary circulation, which originates in the right heart and pours the entire venous cardiac output into the lungs for gas exchange; on the other, is the diminutive systemic circulation, which delivers oxygenated blood to the lungs for the sustenance of i...

THE NORMAL LUNG contains two distinct circulations of strikingly different origins, proportions, and functions. On the one hand is the huge pulmonary circulation, which originates in the right heart and pours the entire venous cardiac output into the lungs for gas exchange; on the other, is the diminutive systemic circulation, which delivers oxygenated blood to the lungs for the sustenance of i...

The frequency of massive pulmonary hemorrhages seems to be increasing in different geographic areas; however, there is no clear explanation for this trend. Although data on the pathogenesis of such complications are scarce, recent research indicates a potential role of autoimmunity and/or multifactorial mechanisms. However, much information is already available on the disturbance of hemostasis ...

/CHEMICAL substances have been widely \_j used as experimental tools in investigations of the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema. It is reasonable to expect chemicals to increase capillary permeability, and phosgene is a good example. This agent has been shown not to affect pulmonary arterial pressure, so that the pulmonary edema is best explained by increased capillary permeability.Surprisingly e...

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, largely as a result of the pioneering research efforts of Warren Zapol. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) dilates pulmonary resistance vessels to improve ventilation–perfusion matching before being inactivated by reactions with hemoglobin (Hb) in blood exitin...