This paper presents application of the low Duty Cycle Ratio (DCR) modulations: isochronous Digital Pulse Position Modulation (DPPM) and anisochronous Digital Pulse Interval Modulation (DPIM) in backscatter based passive RFID communication system. The proposed modulations are compared to commonly used Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation. Low DCR modulations are customized for data transmissi...

The purpose of this work is to investigate the fundamental properties of the gradual muscle force potentiation for the prediction of muscle force and body movement due to electrical stimulation. We investigated the dependence of force potentiation on both the pulse-amplitude and the pulse-duration with different ramp-up time. The experimental results showed that the force increment ratio (FIR) ...

We present a method by which the spectral intensity of an ultrafast laser pulse can be accumulated at selected frequencies by a controllable amount. Using a 4-f pulse shaper we modulate the phase of the frequency components of a femtosecond laser. By inducing femtosecond filamentation with the modulated pulse, we can concentrate the spectral amplitude of the pulse at various frequencies. The ph...

All signals that are normally called "periodic" have some amplitude and phase variation from period to period. For example an active sonar system transmits a periodic pulse train to detect targets. The received pulses are not perfectly periodic due to random modulation of the pulses from scattering and attenuation. Target scattering and propagation distortion of the transmitted and received sig...

The intensity of an ideal optical pulse train is often modeled as an exact periodic repetition of a given pulse-shape function with constant amplitude and width. Therefore, the ideal intensity power spectrum is a pure line power spectrum. However, spontaneous-emission noise due to amplification media, electronic noise due to modulators, or even intentional modulations result in period-to-period...

The parameters that characterize a rectangular-shaped pulse-modulated sinusoidal signal are the carrier frequency, the pulsewidth, the repetition frequency, and the number of pulses in or the duration of the signal. We use a Fourier series representation to show the influence of these parameters on the spectrum of a pulse-modulated signal at a microwave carrier frequency. When an additional amp...

In this paper, a full analysis is presented on digital-to-analog conversion for pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) systems. By analyzing the cyclostationary nature of pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) systems, two methods of quantization are proposed – fixed and adaptive. Examples of this quantization analysis are provided for the reverse link transmitter chain in a cdma2000 system, and for the bas...

To synchronize Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signals with pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and time hopping (TH) spreading in ad-hoc multi-user environments, we propose in this paper to develop and test a novel fine synchronization algorithm in both data-aided (DA) and non-data-aided (NDA) modes. The proposed synchronization scheme is decomposed into two successive floors or steps. The first floor consi...