As a necessary component, regenerator plays an important role in the refrigeration performance of the pulse tube refrigerator. The objective of this research is to investigate the flow characteristics in a porous regenerator of the pulse tube refrigerators, subjected to oscillating flow. The hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of the regenerator is investigated by considering porous media approac...

OBJECTIVE To assess the fragmentation (ablation) efficiency of laser lithotripsy along a wide range of pulse energies, frequencies, power settings and different laser fibres, in particular to compare high- with low-frequency lithotripsy using a dynamic and innovative testing procedure free from any human interaction bias. MATERIALS AND METHODS An automated laser fragmentation testing system w...

The influence of electrical pulse protocol parameters on cell rupture of onion tissues was investigated in order to improve fundamental understanding and to enhance the processing of plant tissues with pulsed electric fields (PEFs). The impact of PEF parameters on cell integrity of 20 mm dia, 4-mm thick disks of Don Victor onions (Allium cepa L.) was determined by ion leakage measurements. Elec...

Raman amplification of a short laser pulse by a counter-propagating pump in a plasma is simulated with a one-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell code. With a large growth rate due to three wave interaction, the pump pulse is almost totally depleted and the seed pulse is amplified significantly by the transferred energy. A moving window is adopted to enhance simulation efficiency for lo...

Abstract— the objective to design and compare a low-power flip-flop (FF) design presenting an explicit type pulsetriggered framework. Pulse triggered method use used for clock to resolves lengthy discharging path issue in conventional explicit type pulse-triggered FF (P-FF) design and achieves better rate and energy efficiency. A novel power effective pulse triggered flip-flop design with lowes...

We experimentally demonstrate an extremely compact and programmable pulse shaper composed of a single phase mask encoded into a spatial light modulator. Its principle of operation is similar to the previously theoretically introduced quasi-direct space-to-time pulse shaper [Opt. Express16, 16993 (2008)], which is based on diffractive optics. The proposed pulse shaper exhibits not only real-time...

When an erbium-laser pulse is directed into water through a small-diameter fiber tip (FT), the absorption of the laser energy superheats the water and its boiling induces a vapor bubble. We present the influence of different FT geometries and pulse parameters on the vapor-bubble dynamics. In our investigation, we use a free-running erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) (λ=2.94 μm) laser that...

In this paper, the numerical technique based on hybrid Bernoulli and Block-Pulse functions has been developed to approximate the solution of system of linear Volterra integral equations. System of Volterra integral equations arose in many physical problems such as elastodynamic, quasi-static visco-elasticity and magneto-electro-elastic dynamic problems. These functions are formed by the hybridi...

In this study, we propose a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) with pulse glial network having dynamic period of inactivity. We connect glias to neurons in a hidden-layer. The glia is excited by the connecting neuron output. Then, the glia generates a pulse. The pulse is propagated to the connecting neuron and the neighboring glia. In the previous method, we fix a period of inactivity. The period of ...

We study procedures for the optimization of efficiency of light storage and retrieval based on the dynamic form of electromagnetically induced transparency in hot Rb vapor. We present a detailed analysis of two recently demonstrated optimization protocols: a time-reversal-based iteration procedure, which finds the optimal input signal pulse shape for any given control field, and a procedure bas...