Vulnerable wildlife populations can face a suite of anthropogenic activities that may threaten their persistence. However, human-mediated disturbances are likely to be coincident with natural disturbances that also influence a population. This synergism is often neglected in population projection models. Here I evaluate the effects of natural (rainfall fluctuation) and human disturbances (habit...

Tawes fish (Puntius javanicus) is a freshwater that easy to cultivate but tawes can spawn naturally only during the rainy season. Meanwhile, market demand for increasing and availability of seeds not enough meet demand. To overcome this problem, it necessary apply technological advances in form biostimulator development farming business. The used laser. Several studies state application use sof...